Nail fungal disease is a disease caused by dermatophytes, yeasts and non-dermatophytic molds (referred to as mycobacteria) infecting the nail plate or under the nail. It is commonly known as “gray nail” and is a common disease in dermatology, with an incidence of 2%-5% of the natural population and 30% of superficial fungal infections. It is rare in children and common in the elderly. The clinical manifestations are cloudy nail plate, hypertrophy, surface unevenness, discoloration, nail plate destruction, buckling and nail furrow inflammation. It is usually divided into 4 types: distal lateral subluxation, proximal subluxation, white superficial type and total nail dystrophy type. The diagnosis of nail fungal disease is mainly based on clinical manifestations and laboratory tests such as KOH direct microscopy, fungal culture, histopathological biopsy, PAS staining and fungal fluorescence staining. Treatment is divided into local treatment and systemic medication, local treatment is mainly topical application of high concentration of urea, glacial acetic acid, benzoic acid, ciclopirox and amorolfine coating, but also chemical or surgical nail extraction treatment; systemic treatment is mainly oral itraconazole, fluconazole, terbinafine and other antifungal drugs. In order to improve the therapeutic effect of the current clinical mainly use combination therapy and individualized treatment for different patients. The earlier the treatment of nail fungal disease, the better the effect, if not treated in time to develop to more than one finger (toe) nail is stained, treatment will be more difficult and longer. At the same time, patience is needed during the course of treatment because nails grow forward at an average rate of 0.1 mm per day, while toenails grow more slowly. Patients should actively cooperate with doctors and adhere to regular treatment, while strengthening prevention to prevent reinfection and recurrence after cure, in order to achieve a real cure for nail fungus.