It is not good to take antimicrobials for every cold. You need to have evidence of bacterial infection before administering antimicrobials. It is wrong to give antimicrobials prophylactically because you are afraid of bacterial infections. Antimicrobials kill bacteria. The use of antimicrobials without bacteria only kills white blood cells. Acute respiratory infections account for more than 60% of pediatric outpatients, and according to WHO statistics, about 3.5 million children younger than 5 years old die from pneumonia worldwide, accounting for 28% of the total mortality rate of children <5 years old, and about 350,000 children younger than 5 years old die from pneumonia each year in China, accounting for 10% of the world. Therefore, in the 21st century, the prevention of respiratory infections is still an important task to prevent childhood diseases and improve the survival rate of children. The anatomical characteristics of the pediatric respiratory tract: short nasal cavity, no nasal hair, narrow posterior nasal passage, soft mucosa, rich in blood vessels, prone to infection; trachea, bronchi are also narrower than adults, soft cartilage, lack of elastic tissue, weak support, insufficient mucus secretion, dry airway, poor cilia movement, can not effectively remove inhaled microorganisms, prone to infection; poorly developed elastic fibers of the lung, lung The elastic fibers of the lungs are poorly developed, and the lungs are rich in blood and relatively small in air, making them susceptible to infection; the small range of motion of the chest is wide, and the lungs cannot be fully expanded, ventilated, and ventilated, causing hypoxia and carbon dioxide retention, making them susceptible to infection. 2, the physiological characteristics of the pediatric respiratory tract: small lung capacity, the reserve capacity of respiratory functions are relatively low, prone to infection, but also prone to respiratory failure. 3, respiratory immune features: low immune function of the pediatric respiratory tract, low SigA, IgA, IgG content, inadequate alveolar macrophage function, insufficient amount and activity of lactoferrin, lysozyme, interferon, complement, etc., easy to infect. Self-evaluation of symptoms: The symptoms of colds vary in severity, with infants being more severe and older children being less severe. Infants and young children have significant systemic symptoms, often with sudden onset of illness, high fever, cough, reduced milk supply, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Children under 3 years of age can have febrile convulsions if their body temperature is too high. Therefore, it is important to control the body temperature of infants and children. The symptoms of cold in older children are typical, such as nasal congestion, runny nose, fever, and abdominal pain. The duration of the flu is usually 3-5 days, but not more than a week. If symptoms get progressively worse, other illnesses should be ruled out. If there is a combination of bacterial infections. In early and late summer, there are two special colds, herpes pharyngitis and pharyngeal fever, which have a rapid onset and a relatively long duration. Note: Many diseases resemble cold symptoms at the beginning of the disease and should be differentiated, such as influenza, early acute infectious diseases, acute appendicitis, etc. Do not take the cold lightly, and if the symptoms do not improve after 3 days of taking medication, you should see a doctor promptly. Home treatment for colds: rest, drink more water, pay attention to respiratory isolation, prevent complications. Commonly used antiviral drugs include virazole, virus spirit, traditional Chinese medicine, such as honeysuckle, paniculas, etc. Symptomatic drugs include Chinese medicine for colds, some cold preparations, antipyretics. There are also antiviral nasal drops, eye drops, etc. The medication for cold is not very important, but it is important to take good care of the child, monitor the body temperature, prevent heat shock, let the child get enough sleep, replenish enough water and nutrition, pay attention to the return of the disease and the occurrence of complications. Because the cold is a self-limiting disease, the virus has a certain period of survival in the body. The virus has a certain period of survival in the body, and it will get better naturally in the course of the disease. In addition, the efficacy of some antiviral drugs is not very reliable, some kill white blood cells, resulting in a decrease in white blood cells, therefore, the clinical use of Chinese medicine to clear the heat and detoxification, such as honeysuckle, Pan Pan root, etc.. If the symptoms are heavy, take some symptomatic medicine, such as cold punch, antipyretic medicine. High fever is not terrible: fever is a response of the pediatric organism to infected microorganisms, a protective mechanism, and some parents see fever as a symbol of the severity of the disease, which is not true. A high fever does not necessarily mean that the disease is serious, no fever, or a light fever means that the disease is light, and some bronchitis and pneumonia may not have an elevated body temperature. So you can't take the body temperature as an indicator of the severity of the disease, and you can't be too hasty with the antipyretic treatment. Most parents want to bring the body temperature down to normal immediately and overdose on antipyretic drugs, so the child sweats too much and the body's thermoregulatory center is disturbed, and even hypothermia and electrolyte disturbances occur, which is a common phenomenon in clinical work. The fever reduction should be carried out slowly, as long as the body temperature is controlled below the high fever, to prevent heat shock can be. When taking antipyretic drugs, be sure to pay attention to the hydration and electrolyte replenishment, oral antipyretic should be used alternately with physical cooling measures, especially for infants and children, the use of physical cooling is better. In addition, children can not "cover sweat" like adults, children's thermoregulatory center is not perfect, sweat gland development is also not perfect, with "cover sweat" method not only can not make the body temperature drop, but also make the body temperature rise suddenly, high fever convulsions, especially small infants, but also appear "masked syndrome" life-threatening, fever to wear less, less cover, increase heat dissipation. These are often encountered in the clinical home care errors. Do not just take antibacterial: people commonly known as the cold is an acute upper respiratory tract infection, referred to as the upper sense. The pathogens that cause upper respiratory tract infection are mainly viruses, accounting for more than 90%, while primary infections of bacteria account for only a minority. The common viruses that cause upper respiratory tract infection are respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, rhinovirus, coxsackievirus, echovirus, coronavirus, herpes simplex virus, EBV. Common bacteria include Streptococcus haemolyticus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. After viral upper infection, bacterial infection may occur due to the decrease of body resistance. From the pathogens of cold, viral cold is the majority. Therefore, the practice of taking antimicrobial agents for colds and even using advanced antimicrobial agents is not right, especially for children, especially for small infants, who have a high chance of catching a cold, taking antimicrobial agents every time, and some have continuous colds, using antimicrobial agents continuously, the more advanced antimicrobial agents are used, resulting in the growth of drug-resistant bacteria in children, and once there is a bacterial infection, the use of drugs is not effective, and there are many side effects of antimicrobial agents, such as killing white blood cells, making In addition, antimicrobial agents have many side effects, such as killing white blood cells, making white blood cells fall, further reducing the body's ability to resist disease, stimulation of the gastrointestinal mucosa by antimicrobial agents, drug-related gastritis, dysbiosis of intestinal flora, long-term use of antimicrobial agents, or advanced antimicrobial agents, broad-spectrum or combined use of antimicrobial agents. Some non-pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal tract are killed, and dysbiosis occurs, destroying the balance of microorganisms in the intestinal tract and causing intestinal diseases. Even the appearance of pseudomembranous enteritis, opportunistic bacteria - mycobacterial dual infection, some non-pathogenic bacteria due to the loss of mutual restraint, and become pathogenic bacteria. In our country, especially for children, the abuse of antimicrobials is very serious. According to the report, China is a large country that consumes antimicrobial agents. It accounts for about half of the world's consumption. It is equivalent to more than ten times the amount of antimicrobial agents used in developed countries. More than 90% of colds are viral infections. Antimicrobials are ineffective against viruses, and it is not good to take antimicrobials every time you get a cold. It is not good to take antimicrobials every time you have a cold. You need to have evidence of bacterial infection before administering antimicrobials. It is wrong to give antimicrobials prophylactically for fear of bacterial infection. Antimicrobials kill bacteria. Antimicrobials can only kill white blood cells if there are no bacteria. The half-life of an antimicrobial is limited, only a few hours at most. There is no long-term effect. Parents often ignore the causes of colds: strengthening physical fitness, paying attention to nutrition, staying out of public places, and isolating patients with colds are all familiar measures. The common causes that are easily ignored by parents are those that are not written down in books. It can be avoided by paying more attention to the little things in daily life. Parents should avoid exposing their children to wind when they are asleep, whether in their arms, in a stroller, on the back of a bicycle, or in a car seat. When children are sleeping, they are exposed to the wind, which is the cause of colds. When you take your child to the supermarket, the air conditioner is open in the supermarket, and the child's body is full of sweat, and then you give him/her some cold drinks, which are cool from inside to outside. Electric fan or air conditioner directly against the child is also the cause of the child's cold. Before going to bed, the mother is afraid that the child will get cold, so she covers the child thickly, and the child may sweat, and when the temperature drops in the second half of the night and the mother falls asleep, the child kicks off the blanket and gets cold. In childcare institutions, it is difficult to isolate, and it is easy for one child to catch a cold and spread it to another child. One after another, colds keep coming. In addition, children who live in a group have a high chance of catching a cold because of poor management and uneven heat and cold. You should wait until the sweat goes down or dry up with a dry towel before taking a bath.