Some infants may have a slight yellowing of the eyeballs due to genetic factors, but serum bilirubin levels are not abnormal at this time, and no special treatment is usually necessary if there are no uncomfortable symptoms. In addition, if an infant develops jaundice, scleral yellowing may also occur at an early stage and is not indicative of jaundice in the brain, but if left untreated, the condition may progress and lead to bilirubin encephalopathy, with adverse consequences. Infant jaundice is usually caused by an increase in the concentration of bilirubin in the serum due to impaired bilirubin metabolism, because the sclera contains more elastic scleroprotein, which has a strong affinity for bilirubin, so the infant will show scleral yellow staining, and may appear before the mucous membrane and skin yellow staining. However, for infants with severe neonatal hemolytic disease within 1 week after birth, hyperbilirubinemia can cause bilirubin encephalopathy, which can cause damage to central nervous tissue and neurological symptoms, accompanied by symptoms of reduced sucking power, irritability and lethargy, which are more serious at this time. Therefore, infants’ serum bilirubin levels can be tested to determine the cause of the yellow eyes, so that timely measures can be taken to deal with it and avoid adverse effects on the infant’s health.