It is well known that the heart is an important organ for transporting blood throughout the body, and that the ventricles shoot blood to the arteries and back to the heart through the veins. The heart has four chambers, divided into left and right atria and left and right ventricles, and blood flows in one direction in the human body, depending on the presence of heart valves: between the right atrium and the right ventricle there is a group of valves called tricuspid valves (medically called valves), between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery there is a group of valves called pulmonary valves; between the left atrium and the left ventricle there is a group of valves called mitral valves, between the left ventricle and the aorta There is a group of valves called the aortic valve. These valves can only open in one direction, that is, the mitral valve or tricuspid valve can only open to the ventricular side, while the aortic valve and pulmonary valve can only open to the arterial side. It is the presence of these valves that ensures the one-way flow of blood through the body. When there is a problem with these valves in the heart, it is medically known as heart valve disease. There are two main categories of heart valve disease, namely, stenosis of the valves or incomplete closure of the valves. Of course, both stenosis and insufficiency can be present in one valve at the same time. In terms of etiology, valve disease can be classified as congenital or acquired. Most aortic and mitral valve lesions are acquired, and most pulmonary artery lesions are congenital. The vast majority of tricuspid valve lesions are secondary, meaning that the valve itself is not diseased. Common clinical valvular diseases include rheumatic mitral stenosis, rheumatic mitral stenosis combined with insufficiency of closure, and rheumatic combined valvular disease. Various causes of mitral valve insufficiency, aortic valve insufficiency, aortic stenosis, or aortic stenosis combined with insufficiency, as well as pulmonary valve stenosis.