Patients with auditory neuropathy mostly start from adolescence, with a high prevalence in females, mostly from rural and mountainous areas. They show bilateral symmetrical and progressive hearing loss, and cannot recognize speech, especially in noisy environment, some of them can be accompanied by tinnitus or dizziness, no obvious history of ototoxic drug use and noise exposure, some of them have family history of deafness. The characteristics of pure tone hearing threshold and acoustic conductance test in auditory neuropathy are as follows: (1) most of the audiograms are bilateral symmetrical low-frequency rising type, and the pure tone hearing threshold at low-frequency 0.125 and 0.25 kHz is significantly elevated; (2) speech hearing is significantly worse than pure tone hearing; (3) bilateral tympanic conductance maps are “A” curve; (4) stapedius muscle acoustic reflex threshold is elevated or not induced, no loudness reverberation phenomenon. The characteristics of ABR and DPOAE tests in auditory neuropathy are: ① ABR is not elicited from wave Ⅰ; ② DPOAE can be elicited in patients with mild to severe hearing loss; ③ DP-gram amplitude at low frequency is not reduced but increased; ④ DPOAE contralateral acoustic inhibition response disappears. Fourth, the lesions of auditory neuropathy can involve the vestibular nerve and concurrently complicate vestibular dysfunction. Vestibular neuropathy develops slowly and is usually involved bilaterally at the same time, but the patient’s vestibular dysfunction can be compensated by various compensatory mechanisms, so it mostly manifests as vestibular dysfunction with no symptoms or mild dizziness. Fifth, auditory neuropathy can develop alone or be complicated by a variety of neurological disorders, including: progressive peroneal muscular atrophy, Friedreich’s ataxia, Refsum’s disease, optic nerve atrophy, and lower extremity peripheral nerve damage. Auditory neuropathy can develop sequentially during the course of neurological disorders and is a symptom of other neurological disorders.