The rapid growth of thyroid cancer in recent years has caused widespread concern. One of the significant differences between thyroid cancer and other tumors is that the age of onset of thyroid cancer is significantly earlier than other tumors. The age of onset of thyroid cancer is 10-20 years earlier than that of other tumors, and the proportion of young and middle-aged patients is higher, which has a more significant impact on patients’ physical and mental health. According to the Beijing Institute of Oncology, in 2010, 1099 new cases of thyroid cancer were reported in Beijing, accounting for 2.9% of malignant tumors, with an incidence rate of 8.78/100,000, up 225.2% from 2.70/100,000 in 2001, with an average annual increase of 14.2%. The incidence rate of thyroid cancer in men has not changed significantly during the 10 years; the incidence rate of thyroid cancer in women increased from 4.21/100,000 in 2001 to 13.63/100,000 in 2010, an increase of 223.8%, with an average annual growth rate of 14.6%. The average annual growth rate was 14.6%, and the ranking rose from the 10th place in 2001 to the 5th place in 2010. Radioactive radiation, such as radiation for radiotherapy, natural sources of radiation, and radiation from high-voltage power lines are the only clear causative factors for thyroid cancer at present. Statistics show that about 9% of thyroid cancers are related to radiation exposure and exposure history. The radiation dose increases linearly with the risk of thyroid cancer, and irreversible damage to the thyroid body will occur if the exposure dose exceeds 20 gigarettes. The occurrence of thyroid cancer is also related to the age at the time of exposure to radiation, and a history of childhood exposure to ionizing radiation is an important risk factor for the development of thyroid cancer. In addition, hormone levels and dietary intake of iodine and vitamin C and E may be associated with the development of thyroid cancer, but further studies are needed to confirm this. Therefore, all people, including infants and adolescents, should minimize and avoid all kinds of radiation exposure and stay away from radiation sources. Units that use radiation sources should give markings and reminders in obvious locations. At present, the imaging technology represented by ultrasound has greatly improved the detection rate of thyroid cancer, providing the possibility of more and earlier clinical detection of thyroid cancer patients. Especially in recent years, the increasing popularity of medical checkups and the widespread use of thyroid ultrasound in medical examinations have detected more patients with thyroid cancer. Patients who find a thyroid swelling need not worry about it, but should go to a hospital with diagnosis and treatment capability in time. The examination by specialist physicians and ultrasound can basically confirm about 80% of thyroid cancer patients. If necessary, thyroid mass aspiration and pathological examination can also be performed to confirm the diagnosis. About 90% of thyroid cancers can be treated by surgery. Patients with clean surgical resection do not need chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but still need endocrine therapy. Patients with standardized treatment have a better prognosis. Patients under 45 years of age with non-advanced thyroid cancer can have a 20-year survival rate of 85%-90%, and the treatment is more effective.