In recent years, the birth rate of premature babies has been on the rise due to the increase in the number of miscarriages before pregnancy, intrauterine infections during pregnancy, the abuse of ovulation-promoting drugs and environmental pollution. Compared with full-term babies, most preterm babies have a birth weight of less than 2,500 grams, some even below 1,000 grams, while most full-term babies have a birth weight of more than 3,000 grams, so preterm babies look “smaller and more delicate”. Because of the early arrival, the baby’s organs are not mature. Premature babies have thin and tender skin, immature thermoregulatory center, prone to hypothermia and sclerosis; immature lung development, prone to apnea; immature gastrointestinal tract development, prone to feeding difficulties; immature brain development, prone to intracranial hemorrhage; in addition, preterm babies from the mother’s immunoglobulin antibodies obtained less, making preterm babies prone to infection, and even sepsis and life-threatening complications. Premature infants are so fragile that they need more careful care. Premature infants born at 34 weeks of gestational age and/or weighing less than 2000 grams often need to be admitted to the neonatal ward. Generally speaking, the younger the gestational age and the lower the weight, the more serious the condition, and the longer the hospital stay. A premature baby with a birth weight of 1000 grams usually requires a hospital stay of about 2 months. So, when a baby is hospitalized for such a long time, parents must feel at a loss when they return home: how to take care of such a small baby? Should we breastfeed or artificially feed? When will the baby’s growth and development catch up? These questions are a huge test for young parents. The following I will elaborate from several aspects, I hope it will help: 1, warmth: premature babies due to thin skin, subcutaneous fat, immature thermoregulation, so the temperature and humidity requirements are very high. When the baby is hospitalized, the ambient temperature in the hospital room is relatively strict, and the baby usually sleeps in a heated box, so the temperature and humidity are guaranteed. Keeping a premature baby warm is not the same as covering the baby tightly. In home care, premature babies should be dressed in light, soft and warm clothes that are easy to wear, and diapers should be soft and easy to absorb water. The indoor temperature should be kept at 24-28℃ and the humidity at 55%~65%, with an evaporable water basin and clean and fresh air. If the indoor temperature cannot be reached, you can consider using a warm water bag to keep the child warm, but always pay attention to safety to prevent scalding the baby. Weight 2000 grams or more baby, you can take a bath, but pay attention to the temperature of the room, the water temperature is best in between 36-40 degrees Celsius, newborn baby bath and the action should be gentle and rapid. 2, feeding: premature babies due to their own lack of development, in addition to digestion and absorption ability is not as good as full-term newborns, sucking and swallowing ability is also poor, easy to choke on milk and life-threatening. Therefore, the normal feeding of preterm babies is very important. Breast milk is the best for babies, mothers should try to adhere to breastfeeding, breastfed babies have strong immunity, not easy to disease; breast milk is easy to digest and absorb, not easy to occur diarrhea and indigestion and other diseases; breastfeeding can also enhance the feelings between mother and child. Therefore, breastfeeding is both economical and nutritious, and it is truly a natural food. Premature babies weighing more than 2 kg can be directly breastfed if their general condition is good. However, some small premature babies often stay in the hospital for 1-2 months before coming home, and the mother’s milk is gradually “held back” due to the lack of sucking and stimulation, so you should express the milk and store it in the refrigerator during the baby’s hospitalization (it needs to be frozen) for later use; if conditions allow, you should If possible, send the milk to the hospital for your baby (at least every three hours). If you really do not have breast milk, it is recommended that you choose a preterm formula for preterm babies under 2.5 kg, and initially replace it with regular infant formula when the baby grows above 2.5 kg. Premature baby formula is characterized by easy digestion and absorption and slightly higher calorie and protein content than other formulas, which is conducive to the growth and development of preterm babies. Feeding time is generally once every 2-3 hours. The rubber nipple of the bottle should be soft, with 2 to 3 openings, and the size should be such that milk can drip out when inverted. If the milk flow is too fast, the baby will not be able to swallow in time, which will easily lead to choking; if the milk flow is too slow, the sucking effort will make the baby tired. 3. Infection: Due to the special physiological characteristics of preterm babies, they are very prone to infection, and the infection can easily spread and endanger their lives. Prevention of preterm babies should be considered from many aspects, in addition to breastfeeding as much as possible outside. The sanitary temperature of the environment is very important, to maintain a suitable temperature in the room, and open the windows regularly every day to ventilate. It is best not to let anyone else enter the room of a premature baby except the person who is taking care of the baby, and not to show the baby to outside relatives or neighbors. The person taking care of the child should change into clean clothes (or special sterilized coverall) and wash his hands. When touching the child, the adult’s hands should be warm, do not kiss or touch at will. Supplies for premature babies should be disinfected and clean. The mother should wear a mask to breastfeed when she has a cold, and she should wash her hands with soap and hot water before breastfeeding to avoid cross-infection. The weight of a full-term baby at the age of 1 year is roughly equal to 3 times that of a newborn, while the weight of a preterm baby at the age of 1 year can be 5-7 times that of a newborn. 2 years old is a valuable time to make up for congenital deficiencies, as long as scientific feeding, the physical and intellectual development of a preterm baby before the age of 2 weeks is completely possible to catch up with that of a full-term baby. However, due to the fast growth of prematurity, it is very easy to have anemia and rickets, so it is necessary to supplement various vitamins and trace elements properly under the guidance of doctors. The younger the gestational age, the lower the weight, the higher the chance of occurrence. Therefore, it is very important to follow up preterm babies in hospital for early detection and management of these serious complications. It is advisable to visit a tertiary care hospital with a neonatal follow-up clinic, usually once a month for the first 3 months, and then every 2-3 months depending on the baby’s condition. Premature babies are a really special “vulnerable group”, he/she needs to be cared for by hospitals, society, families and other aspects.