Several common nephrotic syndromes: 1. Pierson syndrome: It is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. The main manifestations are congenital nephrotic syndrome (mostly within 3 months, progressing to end-stage renal disease at the age of 1 year) and specific ocular changes such as small pupils unresponsive to light.2. Drash syndrome: manifests as congenital nephrotic syndrome, often complicated by Wilms’ tumor (renal embryonal tumor) and male pseudohermaphroditism; other combined malformations include cataract, corneal opacity, microcephaly, strabismus, nystagmus and ocular hypertelorism. Other combined anomalies include cataract, corneal opacity, microcephaly, strabismus, nystagmus, and wide eye distance. Frasier syndrome: Nephrotic syndrome often starts at the age of 2-6 years and progresses to end-stage renal disease (uremia) by adolescence. It is often accompanied by male pseudohermaphroditism and gonadal tumors. 4. Galloway-Mowat syndrome and Roos syndrome: Galloway-Mowat syndrome presents as a congenital nephrotic syndrome. Typical renal pathology shows flocculent and fine fibrous filament (6-8 nm) deposits in the basement membrane of structurally distorted glomeruli. Roos syndrome, which manifests as microcephaly, infantile spasms, and psychomotor block, is also a familial disorder that is often associated with nephrotic syndrome in infancy.The renal pathology of Roos syndrome manifests as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with extensive thylakoid disintegration. Spinal epithelial dysplasia, mental retardation, conductive hearing loss and retinitis pigmentosa are also syndromes associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and nephrotic syndrome in infancy.