The bladder is the body’s urine storage and excretion organ and is responsible for the excretion of metabolic waste. When it is in a diseased state, it will have serious consequences.
Common bladder disorders include cystitis, bladder tumors, and bladder stones. The types of common bladder disorders vary by gender and age, such as cystitis in young women, bladder tumors in middle-aged and older adults, and bladder stones in older men.
Cystitis is commonly seen in sexually mature women and is mainly characterized by frequent, urgent and painful urination, which may be accompanied by discomfort in the suprapubic area or by hematuria in the naked eye, and can often be clearly diagnosed by routine urination and urine culture. The common pathogen is Escherichia coli, which is sensitive to quinolones and has consistent oral and intravenous effects. Notably, there has been a marked increase in drug-resistant E. coli and ESBL-positive bacteria, and the current recommended drugs for the treatment of cystitis are fosfomycin, furantoin, and high-dose quinolones.
Bladder tumor is the most common tumor in the urological tract. It mainly manifests as painless full course carnal hematuria, which can be associated with urinary frequency, urinary urgency and painful urination, etc. The diagnosis can often be made clearly by cystoscopy and imaging. Different treatment methods are chosen according to the stage and grade of the tumor. For single, non-invasive uroepithelial carcinoma, transurethral bladder tumor electrosurgery is the main trend, while multiple, invasive uroepithelial carcinoma often chooses total cystectomy, of course, it also depends on the patient’s age, physical condition and willingness.
Bladder stones are commonly seen in elderly men and mainly manifest as interrupted and painful urination, often accompanied by progressive urinary difficulty and frequent, urgent and painful urination. In elderly men with prostate enlargement there is often bladder outlet obstruction, obstructed urinary drainage, increased bladder residual urine, and electrolyte deposits in the urine to form stones. The diagnosis is often clear through urological ultrasound and imaging, and often requires simultaneous management of bladder stones and prostate enlargement. Transurethral electrolysis or laser resection of the prostate + laser or pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy is now often chosen.
In summary, when urine changes or urination and storage symptoms occur, common bladder disorders should be thought of and treated promptly for early diagnosis, detection and treatment.