There are two causes of myopia: one is congenital and the other is acquired. The main acquired factors are environmental, social and eye habits. Most of the causes of myopia in adolescents are due to lack of attention to eye hygiene, and congenital factors are mainly genetic.
The prevalence of myopia in adolescents is increasing year by year, while the age of onset is moving downward. Because of the physiological characteristics of the adolescent eye and certain external factors such as poor learning environment, poor eye habits and physical quality, it is easy to cause abnormal eye development, which leads to myopia. Therefore, the prevention of myopia must be paid attention to from an early age.
So, what are the preventive measures?
First, scientific eye use:
1, close eye time should not be too long, every 45 to 60 minutes rest 10 to 15 minutes. When resting, you must look far away, so that the eye adjustment muscle can be fully relaxed.
2, reading and writing attention to the “three one”, that is, eyes from the book a foot, chest from the table a fist, hand from the pen tip an inch;
3, do not read when walking or riding in a car;
4, do not lie down or lying down to see; close eye posture to be correct. Close eye posture is another factor that affects the incidence of myopia. When using the eyes at close range, the table and chair height ratio should be appropriate, sitting, books placed at 30cm from the eye. Bad eye habits such as reading in a car, lying in bed or reading with a crooked head will increase the eye regulation burden and convergence frequency, increasing the pressure of the extraocular muscles on the eye, especially in primary and secondary school students, the eye is in the developmental stage, the ball wall stretch is relatively large, long time bad eye posture is likely to cause abnormal eye development, leading to the formation of myopia.
Second, pay attention to eye hygiene:
1, do not watch TV for a long time, play video games, cell phones, such as Internet;
Computer, TV, 3C digital products LED screen with high-energy short-wave blue light, blue light is a high-energy, penetrating visible light, it can penetrate the lens directly to the retina, causing photochemical damage to people. In daily life, this blue light is found in sunlight, in addition to flashing lights. Developing teenagers should pay attention to the usual eye habits, and it is best to use anti-blue light film on the screen for protection.
2, close to the eyes when the light should be moderate.
Most cases of vision loss and poor light related, especially in the eye intensity of learning, work and life in the environment light illumination is not appropriate. Do not read and write when the light is too strong too weak, it is recommended that the use of desk lamps lighting with 40W incandescent bulbs, desk lamps should be placed on the left front at a distance of about a foot; indoor lighting 40W fluorescent lamps should be 1.4 meters from the desktop; placed in the upper left corner of the desk. This is because the incandescent light is softer, good color rendering performance, the eye can easily adapt to prevent the light is too strong or too dark brought about by eye fatigue.
In general, the light is not suitable for two reasons: one is the environment in which the light itself is not suitable (such as too bright or too dark), the second is due to the body posture (such as sitting or head posture) is not correct to block the light, so that the original appropriate light shines to the target area when it becomes dark. Close eye posture should be correct. Close eye posture is another factor that affects the incidence of myopia. When using the eyes at close range, the table and chair height ratio should be appropriate, sit upright, books placed 30cm from the eyes.
3, watching TV should be moderated
Eye distance to the TV diagonal 6 times outside the viewing, generally look at 40 minutes rest 10 minutes; less play video games, computers, etc., according to relevant data show that they are 5 times the harm of television.
Third, strengthen the movement.
1, increase outdoor activity time. The latest domestic and international research, one hour of outdoor activities every day, can reduce the incidence of myopia by 30%; 2 hours of outdoor activities every day, can reduce the incidence of myopia by nearly 45%. So even walking around outdoors can reduce the incidence of myopia, kids, get out there!
2, students in the learning stage due to long periods of close eye use, in order to eliminate visual fatigue should be regular look away, more sports activities to enhance physical fitness; (method: stand somewhere, find a more distant tree and a closer tree, and then observe the near tree for a while, and then observe the distant tree for a while. This method has the effect of regulating the eye muscles and relaxation. Try to look at the details of the tree as much as possible when observing).
3, do eye exercises is a specific embodiment of the importance of eye care work in primary and secondary schools in China, by massaging the acupuncture points and muscles around the eyes, stimulating the nerve endings, increasing blood circulation in the tissues around the eyes, regulating eye metabolism, so as to eliminate fatigue, enhance vision and prevent myopia. In addition, more contact with green mountains and water and other natural scenery, but also conducive to eye health.
Fourth, supplementation.
Eat less sweets and spicy food, too much sugar intake in the body’s blood environment is acidic, easy to cause due to the reduction of blood calcium, affecting the toughness of the eye wall, prompting the elongation of the eye axis, leading to the occurrence and development of myopia.