Radiation therapy is preferred when substantial tumors with low intracranial pressure and poorly defined borders are irradiated, and the site of irradiation is usually localized to the brainstem tumor. Most patients show improvement of clinical symptoms after radiotherapy, but the remission period usually does not exceed 8 months. In recent years, with the development of radiotherapy technology, the 5-year survival rate of radiotherapy alone has been significantly improved, and the highest has reached 40%. The purpose of surgery is to relieve the compression of brainstem, restore the smoothness of cerebrospinal fluid circulation and clarify the nature of tumor. As much as possible, the tumor should be removed under the microscope without increasing the neurological damage, and postoperative radiation therapy should be used as a supplement. Intraoperative monitoring of brainstem neurological function and resection of tumor using ultrasound suction (CUSA) and laser (Laser) can reduce postoperative complications and decrease mortality. Due to the development of neurosurgical techniques, the brainstem is no longer a restricted area for surgery. Many types of brainstem tumors such as external growth type, cystic type and some limited type, cervicomedullary junction type tumors, can have a long survival after surgery without other adjuvant treatments. For internal infiltrating tumors, they are inoperable and mainly rely on radiation therapy. Chemotherapy Some people have combined chemotherapy with radiotherapy for unresectable pediatric brainstem tumors, and the selected drugs include vincristine, carmustine, lomustine (cycloheximide), fluorouracil, etc. However, the efficacy is not certain, so it is not routinely used in clinical practice.