Modern people live a fast-paced life and work under great pressure, which can easily cause the body’s immunity to decline. If the body is overworked, coupled with overeating, it is easy to cause an attack of acute pancreatitis. How terrible is acute pancreatitis? The death rate of severe pancreatitis is as high as 50%, and it takes hundreds of thousands of RMB to cure and a longer time to recover. So, what kind of disease is acute pancreatitis? How should it be prevented and treated? 1, pancreatic location and function The pancreas is located in the upper abdomen and is the second largest digestive gland in the body, adjacent to the liver and gallbladder, stomach and duodenum and spleen. Although the pancreas is small, but the role of extraordinary, it can be said that it is one of the most important organs in the human body. The pancreas is one of the most important organs in the human body because it is a gland with both endocrine and exocrine functions, and its physiological effects and pathological changes are closely related to life. Several digestive enzymes in the pancreatic juice secreted by the pancreas play a “leading role” role in the digestion of food, especially the digestion of fat. In terms of secretion, although the pancreas is small in size, it contains a variety of functional endocrine cells, such as secretion of glucagon, insulin, gastrin and so on. These cells secrete hormones and are responsible for regulating the physiological functions of the whole body in addition to participating in the digestion and absorption of substances. If these cells are diseased, the secretion of substances in excess or deficient, there will be disease. 2, the causes of acute pancreatitis The incidence of pancreatitis in China is lower than in foreign countries, because of the difference in dietary habits. The main causes of pancreatitis are alcoholism, trauma, biliary tract diseases, and so on. The main cause of pancreatitis in foreign countries is alcoholism, but in China, it is mainly due to poor drainage and reflux of pancreatic juice caused by gallstones, which inflames the pancreas. Overeating is another important factor in the development of acute pancreatitis. Binge drinking and overeating promote the secretion of pancreatic juice, alcohol directly stimulates the secretion of pancreatic juice, alcohol into the duodenum will cause papilledema and spasm of the sphincter of Oddi, so there is no “outlet” pancreatic juice to the pancreas “self-digestion” combined with gallstone disease can also be due to bile reflux or pancreatic juice “outlet” Poorly, acute pancreatitis can occur. In the clinic, the majority of patients with acute pancreatitis have the experience of overeating. Therefore, no matter when it is necessary to match meat and vegetables, diet reasonable. Secondly, there are hyperlipidemia, high calcium factors, trauma factors, ischemic factors and drugs that can also cause acute pancreatitis. In summary, to prevent pancreatitis, the main thing is to address its causes, less alcohol, prevention or timely treatment of biliary tract diseases, avoid overeating to reduce the burden on the pancreas, avoid trauma, etc. 3, acute and chronic pancreatitis symptoms and treatment Acute pancreatitis is divided into two categories: light and heavy. The light type is a sudden onset of severe pain in the upper abdomen with nausea and vomiting after overeating, which is usually relieved gradually after 3 to 5 days of treatment. Severe disease, and even a few patients in upper abdominal pain symptoms are not manifested when they enter a state of shock, and eventually die due to multi-organ failure, or even sudden death, the death rate of more than 40%! Chronic pancreatitis refers to recurrent epigastric pain with varying degrees of endocrine and exocrine pancreatic hypoplasia or loss of function. It has four more obvious features, one is wasting, two is steatorrhea, three is pain, and four is diabetes. It is manifested by pain in the upper abdomen, which can be mild or severe, continuous, and worse after eating. In addition, because the pancreas is a retroperitoneal organ, there is another manifestation of pain, which is back pain. When you have pancreatitis, there are usually surgical and non-surgical treatments. The surgical treatment includes cholecystectomy biliary drainage, transduodenoscopic Oddi sphincterotomy EST for stone extraction and nasobiliary drainage, removal of necrotic tissue, placement of multiple multiport drains, and even total pancreatectomy; while the non-surgical treatment, also known as medical treatment, includes: pain relief; correction of malnutrition; alcohol cessation; diet regulation, restriction of fat intake, growth inhibitors, pancreatic exocrine enzymes and endocrine The non-surgical treatment includes: pain relief; correction of nutrition; alcohol cessation; regulation of diet, restriction of fat intake, growth inhibitors, pancreatic exocrine enzymes and endocrine supplementation. Although the cure rate of acute severe pancreatitis has increased, the treatment is very expensive, requiring hundreds of thousands of RMB, and it takes a long time to recover. It is one of the most serious diseases among acute abdominal diseases. 4. Acute pancreatitis conditioning After acute pancreatitis patients are discharged from the hospital after treatment, even if they have resumed normal diet, it does not mean that the body has fully recovered. Therefore, postoperative recovery, conditioning and follow-up are very important. Timely removal of the cause of the disease. In China, most of the acute pancreatitis is caused by biliary tract diseases, so after the condition of acute pancreatitis is stabilized and the patient’s general condition gradually improves, the biliary tract stones should be actively treated. Alcoholic pancreatitis patients, the first thing is to prohibit alcohol, if you drink again, it is undoubtedly chronic suicide. Those who overeat leading to pancreatitis should avoid repeating the same mistake. Those with pancreatitis caused by hyperlipidemia should take long-term lipid-lowering drugs and consume a low-fat, light diet. Regular follow-up to prevent complications. During the recovery period of pancreatitis, the inflammation is only limited to subside, and the inflammatory exudate often takes 3 to 6 months to be completely absorbed. During this period, some patients may develop complications such as pancreatic cysts and pancreatic fistulas. Patients who notice an increasing abdominal mass and symptoms such as abdominal pain, abdominal distension, vomiting of blood and vomiting need to seek prompt medical attention. Enhance nutrition to promote recovery. If the exocrine function of the pancreas is not significantly damaged, you can eat carbohydrates and protein-based food and reduce the intake of fat, especially animal fat. If the exocrine function of the pancreas is impaired, nutrition can be enhanced appropriately with the aid of pancreatic enzyme preparations. For patients with acute pancreatitis, special attention needs to be paid to the diet. During the acute phase, the patient should fast completely, and when the symptoms are gradually relieved, he can eat non-fat protein fluids, such as juice, thin lotus root powder, rice soup, vegetable juice, thin soup noodles, etc. Later, the diet can be gradually changed to low-fat semi-liquid. In addition, patients must avoid eating fatty foods such as fatty meat, peanuts, walnuts, sesame seeds, crispy snacks, etc. Avoid eating irritating and spicy foods, and absolutely prohibit smoking and alcohol. Acute pancreatitis dietary therapy prescriptions include: radish juice, water chestnut juice, silver flower juice, fresh potato juice, etc. Such as fresh potato juice: wash and chop it, mash it, squeeze the juice with gauze and take 1 to 2 spoons on an empty stomach. 5, alert to pancreatitis after diabetes Nowadays, people in the city are afraid of fat, so many people are afraid to eat fatty food, but from time to time eat a lot of protein food. Protein is one of the important nutrients necessary for the human body, especially animal protein, which is high quality protein, however, if a large amount of protein is consumed at one meal, it may lead to severe acute pancreatitis. If you eat a lot of protein food and drink too much alcohol at the same time, the chances of causing acute pancreatitis are even greater. If you eat a lot of protein and fatty foods in a short period of time, you will stimulate the pancreas to secrete a lot of pancreatic juice rapidly, and the pancreatic ducts cannot release so much pancreatic juice to the duodenum for a while, plus if the pancreatic ducts are not very open, the pancreatic juice will flood and flow backwards into the pancreatic tissue. If you add the stimulation of alcohol, it will aggravate the situation of pancreatic fluid flooding. This will lead to digestion of the pancreas itself, causing death, and in minor cases, irreversible damage to part of the pancreas. After acute pancreatitis, the internal and external secretory functions of the pancreas are often damaged to varying degrees. Damage to the exocrine function is manifested by reduced digestive function, especially the ability to digest fat and protein. Patients have poor appetite, weight loss, bloating, diarrhea, and often characteristic steatorrhea. This impairment of exocrine function is usually not easily recovered, so treatment is limited to pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy. In contrast, when the endocrine secretion of the pancreas is impaired, it may lead to diabetes mellitus. The possibility of developing diabetes depends on the degree of inflammation of pancreatitis, if it is edematous pancreatitis, it recovers faster, while if it is acute necrotizing pancreatitis, it will affect the function of the pancreas to secrete insulin, so that too little insulin is secreted or even not secreted, which leads to diabetes, and this kind of diabetes caused by other diseases is called secondary diabetes. Therefore, in order not to diabetes, protect the pancreas is also very important 6, diet attention to prevent pancreatitis pancreatitis is important to prevent. Pancreatitis can also be prevented. Whether it is the first acute attack or the acute attack of chronic pancreatitis, it should be preventable. The main part of prevention lies in paying attention to diet. You should not drink too much alcohol and drink in moderation. You should not eat too much, not too greasy, especially at night. People who already have chronic pancreatitis, of course, even less so. And, even in normal times, you should eat less and more. Eat 4-6 meals a day, reduce the amount of each meal, quit greasy, quit smoking and drinking. In case of an acute attack of pancreatitis, you should see an emergency room immediately. According to the doctor’s orders, you should generally fast and not eat anything. After the disease is under control, then gradually resume the diet. Usually start eating some rice soup, vegetable soup without oil and some fruit juice, lotus root powder and so on. After eating, nothing problem occurs, then eat some congee, tofu, vegetable puree without oil. Usually, after an acute attack, there is always a period of two weeks to a month when you are forbidden to eat fatty foods and the amount of protein should be controlled, not too much, for example, up to one egg a day, and the yolk should be removed. Then, gradually resume a normal diet. Even if you resume a normal diet, you should eat mainly low-fat foods, such as soy products, fish, shrimp, eggs, and some lean meats. It is best to quit smoking and alcohol for life to prevent recurrence. People who have chronic pancreatitis and cholecystitis should also do the same, avoiding animal oils and fried foods. For patients with biliary tract disease, they should also have biliary tract surgery as soon as possible so as to prevent pancreatitis caused by biliary tract disease.