Stumpy crowns and stumpy roots are relatively common in stomatology, and in the past, they were considered to be extracted. With the continuous improvement of social material civilization and spiritual civilization, people’s health awareness is increasing. In the dental clinic, there are more and more patients who request to retain natural teeth such as crowns and roots, among which, middle-aged and elderly patients are especially prominent. Based on the new concept of modern dentistry, combined with the development of new oral materials and technology, we analyze the clinical characteristics, preservation significance and conditions of residual crowns and roots, as long as the affected teeth are treated and restored in a timely and reasonable manner, most of the affected teeth can still be retained in the oral cavity and play a normal masticatory function. At present, fiber piles are recognized by the industry as the most advanced new technology for residual root restoration due to their outstanding superiority in physical, chemical and biocompatibility. There are many types of piles, and the commonly used ones in clinical practice are metal piles (also divided into finished piles – basically eliminated by large hospitals); titanium alloy, pure titanium, and precious metal piles; and fiber piles. The advantage of ordinary metal piles is that they are inexpensive and have good strength, but the modulus of elasticity of ordinary metal piles is quite different from that of teeth, which makes them slightly more likely to cause tooth fracture. Precious metal (gold alloy) piles have a better modulus of elasticity, but are more expensive. The main components of fiber piles are fibers and resin, which are formed by adding numerous stretched fibers aligned in the same direction to a polymer resin matrix. Fiber pins are easy to remove and are especially suitable for pediatric patients under 18 years of age with traumatic injuries to permanent anterior teeth and incomplete jaw construction. Fiber posts have better fatigue resistance than metal posts, which have a higher flexural strength than fiber posts but have a vertical fracture pattern involving the root, whereas fiber posts fracture horizontally, thus reducing root fracture. In the case of a tooth with a large number of defects, the level of stress in the root is high, and the use of a metal core restoration will result in a concentration of stress, which greatly increases the risk of root fracture. As far as the modulus of elasticity is concerned, fiber piles are ideal for clinical use in dentistry. Fiber piles have good corrosion resistance, non-toxicity and non-allergenic, the production of restorations with good aesthetic performance, the traditional casting of nickel-chromium alloy core crowns, wear a certain period of time, the patient will appear cervical edge of the tooth gray line, not only affecting the aesthetics, but also free release of metal ions can cause individual cases of tissue allergies and biotoxicity reactions. The bonding properties of fiber piles and resin bonding agents are far better than metal piles, so the crowns are not easy to fall off after restoration and have good long-term effects. Fiber piles can be removed with instruments when needed from the residual fiber piles in the dental tissues, which is conducive to re-dentistry and secondary restoration of the residual tooth, and is also conducive to the preservation of the tooth root and alveolar bone. Once the metal post fails, it is more difficult to remove it, and there is a possibility of extracting the root of the tooth. It brings great pain to the patient.