Non-small cell lung cancer is actually not a single disease, but multiple diseases. Because non-small cell lung cancer includes different tissue types and molecular subtypes, treatment and drugs may be completely different for different subtypes, so it is extremely important for patients to identify their subtypes before receiving treatment. Histopathologic subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer include adenocarcinoma of the lung (about 55%), squamous lung cancer (about 34%), and other rare pathologic types (about 11%). Among them, lung adenocarcinoma has more genetic mutations, and the current study found that about 17% of lung adenocarcinomas are EGFR-sensitive, about 25% are KRAS mutations, about 3% are MET mutations, and about 2% mutated genes are ROS, HER2, BRAF, RET, and some genetic types with lower mutation rates, respectively. There are still about 31% are unknown driver genes, i.e., driver genes that have not yet been identified. Therefore, for advanced lung cancer that is inoperable, the molecular subtypes should be clarified first, and different targeted drug therapy should be selected for different gene mutation cases. After resistance to targeted therapy, other treatment modalities can be selected according to the situation.