Microvasculardecompression (MVD) was pioneered by Jannetta in 1966 after extensive research. It is believed that demyelination of the cerebral nerve roots in the pontocerebellar horn region due to compression of the responsible vessels and short-circuiting of impulses between afferent and efferent nerve fibers are the root causes of idiopathic facial spasm, primary trigeminal neuralgia, primary glossopharyngeal neuralgia and other cerebral neurological disorders based on the vascular compression theory. MVD has been rapidly spreading in clinical practice because of its safety and effectiveness in treating cerebral neurological disorders. After decades of promotion, MVD, which is the most effective treatment in the field of functional neurosurgery, has become the preferred treatment for cerebral neurological disorders such as idiopathic facial spasm, primary trigeminal neuralgia, and primary glossopharyngeal neuralgia. The principle of microvascular decompression The principle of microvascular decompression: the theory of vascular compression suggests that long-term compression of nerve roots by responsible vessels can lead to demyelination of nerve roots, resulting in the occurrence of pain or spasm. Microvascular decompression is based on the theory of vascular compression by separating the blood vessel (cause) compressing the nerve root from the nerve root, then relocating and fixing it at a site far away from the nerve root to achieve complete decompression of the nerve root and obtain the purpose of treatment. It is a treatment method that is specific to the cause of the disease and is the only method that can achieve a radical cure. Efficacy of microvascular decompression Based on the experience of large number of cases, the recent cure rates of microvascular decompression for idiopathic facial spasm and primary trigeminal neuralgia are 96.7% and 98.3%, respectively, and the long-term cure rates are 90.5% and 92.2%, respectively, and the apparent rate for glossopharyngeal neuralgia is currently reported to be 100%, but due to its low incidence, there is a lack of statistics on large number of cases. Compared with other treatments, microvascular decompression is currently the most effective method for the treatment of these diseases. A large amount of clinical data shows that some patients with idiopathic facial twitching, there is a delayed cure phenomenon: that is, patients with recurrence of symptoms within a short time after the cessation of facial twitching after MVD surgery or those who still have facial twitching after surgery, the facial twitching symptoms disappear spontaneously after a recovery time of about 7 days to 3 months. Therefore, it is recommended that the above patients should be followed up continuously for at least 6 months before making a decision on whether the procedure is effective or not, and not to blindly operate twice, which increases the risk of patients. For patients with trigeminal neuralgia and glossopharyngeal neuralgia, MVD combined with selective partial nerve root dissection can achieve nearly 100% efficacy with a very low recurrence rate depending on the patient’s specific situation. Complications of microvascular decompression Recent complications of microvascular decompression include auditory nerve dysfunction, delayed facial palsy, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and hoarseness. Long-term complications include auditory nerve dysfunction, ataxia, dysphagia, and choking on drinking water. Microvascular decompression surgery has been quite a mature procedure since it was first performed in 1966 and has been performed for decades. With the improvement of surgical techniques, the major complications such as auditory nerve dysfunction, ataxia, dysphagia and choking cough have been significantly reduced, and it has become the first choice for safe and effective radical treatment of cerebral neurological disorders such as facial spasm and trigeminal neuralgia. The prospect of microvascular decompression Most patients will have doubts when it comes to craniotomy, and some of them are so afraid that they often do not dare to receive surgical treatment, especially for patients with mild symptoms. Microvascular decompression surgery has been developed over decades and is a fairly mature procedure. The key to this type of surgery lies in the correct positioning of the surgical body, the accurate positioning of the micro-osseous foramen, and the dissection of the cerebral pool to obtain sufficient operating space for slow release of cerebrospinal fluid. Of course, skilled local microdissection, skillful surgical technique and rich surgical experience are the keys to ensure the safety of the operation.