What is amblyopia? Amblyopia is a common and prevalent disease in the development of children. It is essentially a disorder of binocular visual development, not only with lower than normal corrected visual acuity in one or both eyes, but also without perfect stereo vision, or even stereopsis. Amblyopia is defined as: any person who has no obvious organic lesion in the eye, and whose distance visual acuity is lower than 0.9 caused mainly by functional factors and cannot be corrected is classified as amblyopia. The incidence of amblyopia in children has been reported inconsistently at home and abroad, with the lowest being only 0.8% and the highest being 4.4%. According to statistical reports from various regions in China, the prevalence of amblyopia in children in China is about 3-3.8%. Is amblyopia congenital? Many parents ask their doctors, “Is my child’s amblyopia congenital?” This question is out of concern for the prognosis of children with amblyopia, as they think that the treatment of congenital amblyopia is not effective, and if it is not congenital, they will have confidence in the treatment. Congenital amblyopia” is not a name. Therefore, it can be understood that amblyopia is mainly formed during the development of visual function after birth, so it is acquired, refractive error amblyopia and form deprivation amblyopia, in our amblyopia classification standards, congenital amblyopia is no longer mentioned, so parents of amblyopic children should understand that true congenital amblyopia in children is extremely rare. Prior to the publication of our amblyopia classification criteria in 1987, there was some literature that included the classification name “congenital amblyopia”. Congenital amblyopia is defined as a visual impairment that occurs before the child is born. The pathogenesis is not well understood, but it may be related to a hemorrhage in the retina or optic pathway at birth that affects the normal development of visual function. Some congenital amblyopia also has secondary nystagmus, which is often found when the doctor examines the poor nature of the gaze, and can have a regular oscillation of the fast phase and slow phase, but is a tiny nystagmus, high frequency, small amplitude, easy to miss the diagnosis at a glance. Rarer congenital amblyopia secondary to panchromatic amblyopia, mostly in both eyes, has poor visual acuity in children with nystagmus and photophobia due to low number of cone cells or partial loss of cone cell function, with vision relying mainly on rod cells, and poor treatment and prognosis.