Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies are one of the autoantibodies of the thyroid gland. If the body has high anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies, it is usually due to thyroid body disease, treatment of thyroid disorders and genetic factors. Some autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland itself can lead to high levels of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies. These diseases themselves are commonly known as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and painless thyroiditis. The incidence of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is very high and peroxidase antibodies can persist in patients with Hashimoto’s disease. These diseases are mainly caused by autoimmune attacks resulting in destruction of the thyroid gland tissue. A number of physiological states can lead to an increase in such antibodies. Any pregnancy may result in high anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies due to hypothyroidism. In severe cases, this can lead to miscarriage in pregnant women. This is mainly a result of complex endocrine and immune responses due to physiological changes in the mother’s body during pregnancy. Genetic factors: High anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies tend to occur in women and have a genetic predisposition, so it is recommended that women in pregnancy be tested for anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies, and also 2 to 3 months before delivery to help determine the risk of hypothyroidism after the child is born. Therefore, when high anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies are found, it is important to take timely treatment to prevent the effects on the body’s organs.