Bronchopleural fistula is a serious complication after pneumonectomy, with an incidence of 0.5% to 5.0%, and the incidence of total pneumonectomy is about 4.5%. Due to the long duration of the disease, recurrent infections, and chronic wasting, most patients have significant systemic and local symptoms, making treatment more difficult. Once a patient is diagnosed with a bronchopleural fistula, it means the beginning of a long treatment process. All patients are first drained from the chest to control the infection, and only a very small number of patients can heal on their own. The repeated infections often affect the healthy side of the lung, causing great physical and psychological damage to the patient and destroying the patient’s spirit, and some patients even become depressed due to the long-term pain and suffering, and the constant treatment brings a heavy burden to the family economy. Bronchopleural fistulas can be cured by choosing the appropriate method. Nowadays, most patients choose medical adhesive blocking after drainage, which is often repeatedly blocked, but the success rate is extremely small, and most patients give up after several times of blocking and choose to leave the drainage tube in place. Traditional thoracoplasty is one of the most effective surgical methods for treating bronchopleural fistulas. The main method of thoracoplasty is to remove the ribs corresponding to the abscess cavity on the affected side of the chest, find the fistula, seal the fistula with a tipped muscle flap, collapse the chest wall corresponding to the abscess cavity, eliminate the abscess cavity, and completely cure the bronchopleural fistula. In recent years, 9 cases of thoracoplasty were performed in our hospital, and 8 cases were cured in the first stage, and 1 case was cured by continuing treatment after a shorter period of time. Satisfactory results were achieved. The disadvantage of thoracoplasty is that it causes permanent collapse of the thorax and the surgery is more traumatic, but for patients who have suffered from the disease for many years, permanent cure can be achieved, so patients can fully accept the surgery.