The skin is the body’s health guardian, whenever the seasons change the skin is the first to suffer, autumn and winter is the season of climate change, the north: autumn wind up, low temperature, less rain, dry air. South: strong sunlight, rain and humidity, rampant insect activity, pay attention to adapt to the changing environment, protect the skin to avoid skin relapse and occurrence. The following is the prevention and treatment of several common skin diseases in autumn and winter: 1, pruritus: this itchy skin often starts from the early autumn rainfall reduction, the middle-aged and elderly occur more often, by the reduction of skin secretion oil, dry skin, cracks, nerve endings are stimulated and itching. Prevention: autumn and winter to pay attention to skin moisturizing, reduce the number of baths, time and bath use, not to rub, according to personal circumstances after bathing with external emollients; loose clothing should be silk and cotton; sleep best not to cover the bedding with electric blankets, hot water bags, etc., which will promote the evaporation of moisture from the skin, aggravate the itchy skin, avoid scratching when itching, external drugs to stop itching, to prevent the occurrence of secondary skin diseases. Treatment: It is to correct the dry skin, external use of emollient cream, glycerin cream, cold cream, vitamin E cream, incomparable cream, etc.. Those with severe itching can take additional antihistamines such as paracetamol, cetirizine, Antalac, etc., or take sedative drugs. 2, eczema: the reasons for its occurrence are complex and varied, some are related to seasonal changes, many eczema occurs or worsens in autumn and winter, and there are various forms, initially acute, for erythema, papules, blisters, etc.. If the treatment is not timely, it can become subacute or chronic, with thickening of the skin and formation of mossiness. Intense scratching, secondary to multiple morphological changes. Prevention: For eczema that tends to occur every autumn, attention should be paid to finding the cause, such as dryness, cold, exposure to something allergic caused by the need to change the environment unfavorable to the skin to remove allergens. Treatment: Eczema treatment is best cured in the acute stage, according to the rash shape of the lesions, choose a reasonable drug. It is best to consult a doctor at this time and ask him or her to use medication according to the skin lesions. The use of drugs may aggravate the condition. 3, urticaria: its cause is also complex, a variety of factors can be caused, including temperature changes caused by cold urticaria is a feature of the autumn season – the skin is cold wind cluster attack, warming after the wind cluster recede. Prevention: People who have this problem must pay attention to wind and cold when the seasons change and keep warm. You can start to pay attention to exercise the body to adapt to the cold, exercise cold baths, cold water rubbing from summer. Treatment: antihistamines can be taken. 4, psoriasis: psoriasis, commonly known as “psoriasis”, is a common chronic erythematous scaly skin disease. It is a common chronic erythematous scaling skin disease. The skin lesions are mainly erythematous or purplish red spots with varying degrees of flaking. “Psoriasis is not actually ringworm, and its etiology is still a complex and not yet fully revealed mystery. Most people with psoriasis are heavy in winter and light in summer, but it does not cause internal organ damage or infect others. There is no specific medicine, but early treatment is effective. Treating it urgently can relieve the symptoms. Some statistics find that the incidence of psoriasis is significantly higher in cold regions than in warm regions. Prevention: Patients with psoriasis pay attention to the prevention of colds and tonsillitis in the cold season. If you have the conditions, you can live a migratory life and go to live in the warm and humid south after autumn. It should be reminded that the large amount of scales shed by psoriasis patients makes the organism lose a large amount of keratin, which will cause hypoproteinemia if not supplemented in time. So it is recommended that you eat eggs, milk, soy products and fish. Then again, psoriasis patients are generally lacking in multivitamins and should eat more fresh fruits and vegetables, various kinds of beans and cereals. Smoking, alcohol, strong tea, coffee and spicy and acidic stimulating foods should be avoided. In addition, the incidence or recurrence of psoriasis is often related to neurological and mental factors, so patients should lift their ideological concerns and establish confidence in overcoming the disease. Be optimistic and cheerful and eliminate the mood swings caused by unpleasant events in life in time. Do not believe in folk remedies that have no scientific basis. To avoid aggravating the disease. Avoid excessive emotional stress and anxiety. Treatment: Avoid using irritating drugs for progressive lesions. For recurring lesions with small area, the sealing method can be used. Topical drugs are often used such as tar, salicylic acid, anthralin, corticosteroids, carbotriol and retinoic acid. 5.Ichthyosis: It is a hereditary skin disease with obvious seasonal changes. In summer, the skin lesions become less obvious due to sweating and humidity. In autumn and winter, when the weather is cooler, sweating is less and the air is drier, ichthyosis lesions become obvious, with ichthyosis-like appearance, and skin itching and flaking can also occur. Prevention: Pay attention to skin moisturization after autumn, reduce the number of baths, and use less or no bathing lotion. Apply emollient creams and ointments after washing. Treatment: You can use 0.1% vitamin A acid ointment, 10%-20% urea cream, 5%-10% salicylic acid ointment or lactic acid ointment, 10% cod liver oil cream for external use, which has good effect. After bathing or in winter, you can often apply petroleum jelly emollient cream on the affected area to help moisturize the skin. 6, frostbite: is due to cold stimulation caused by the skin limited blood circulation disorders and skin inflammation. Many people think that frostbite only occurs when the temperature is below zero degrees Celsius, but in fact, it can be caused when the temperature is below 10 degrees Celsius, but of course, the lower the temperature, the higher the chance of frostbite occurring and the faster the time. Frostbite is especially likely to occur in people who lack exercise, have poor peripheral blood circulation, are anemic, have poor nutrition, and have sweaty hands and feet. Cycling without attention to warmth, outdoor activities for children without attention to insulation, and wearing clothes that are too tight are all triggers for frostbite. Prevention: 1. strengthen exercise to promote blood circulation. 2. pay attention to nutrition to improve resistance to cold. 3. pay attention to heat preservation and do not wear thin, tight clothing and footwear.