The so-called “hematuria” is formed when blood is mixed into the urine through the damaged glomerulus, tubules or urinary tract. In a normal person, there should be no red blood cells in the urine, or only a few red blood cells (0-2 per high-powered view), but after strenuous exercise, heavy labor or prolonged standing, there may be a mild increase in the number of red blood cells in the urine, which is normal. A person’s urine is abnormal if there are frequent red blood cells or an increased number of red blood cells (>3 red blood cells per high-powered microscopic field). In mild cases, only red cells are seen under the microscope, called microscopic hematuria; in severe cases, the urine is visible to the naked eye as a thick tea-colored, or washed water-like, or completely blood-like, or with blood clots, called sarcoid hematuria. Whether it is microscopic hematuria or carnal hematuria, the cause should be investigated in combination with the presence or absence of related clinical symptoms. There are many causes of hematuria, most of which are caused by diseases of the urinary tract itself, accounting for about 98% of the causes of hematuria. Systemic diseases such as hematologic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, rheumatologic diseases, and diseases of organs adjacent to the urinary tract such as inflammation or tumors of the colon, appendix, pelvis, etc. can also cause hematuria, accounting for about 2% of the causes of hematuria. For hematuria caused by urological diseases, the treatment varies depending on the location of the hematuria. The application of phase difference microscopy to observe the morphology of red blood cells in urine is the easiest and simplest means to determine the source of hematuria, and can be used as a primary screening test to clarify the cause of hematuria in patients. We call hematuria due to glomerular diseases as nephrogenic hematuria (medical hematuria), mostly seen in various primary and secondary glomerulonephritis, and its red blood cell morphology is polymorphic; hematuria due to ureteral, bladder, urethra, prostate and other diseases is called non-nephrogenic hematuria (surgical hematuria), mostly seen in urinary tract infections, stones and tumors, etc., and its red blood cell morphology is homogeneous, which should be further done in the middle Urine culture, abdominal plain film, urography and other tests should be done further. There are many patients with urine tests suggesting positive urine occult blood. When free hemoglobin and free myoglobin are present in the urine, the result is positive for urinary occult blood using the urine dry chemical method. When the urine contains heat-unstable enzymes or bacteriuria, the urine occult blood test result is false positive; when a large amount of vitamin C is present in the urine, the urine occult blood test result is false negative. Positive urine occult blood should be further examined microscopically to confirm the presence of red blood cells. When the dry chemical method and microscopic examination are inconsistent, a comprehensive clinical analysis should be combined with dynamic observation when needed. positive urine occult blood should be considered: 1. hematuria. 2. hemoglobinuria: common in intravascular hemolysis (such as transfusion reaction and hemolytic anemia), severe burns, strenuous exercise and some infectious diseases. In addition, hemoglobin can also be released after the destruction of red blood cells in urine.3. Myoglobinuria: Commonly found in muscle injury (such as severe crush injury, surgery, ischemia), muscle wasting disease, dermatomyositis, excessive exercise, etc. Chinese medicine has certain characteristics and advantages in the treatment of hematuria. Chinese medicine treatment is based on evidence-based treatment, and the common clinical evidence types are lung and kidney qi deficiency, spleen and kidney qi deficiency, yin deficiency and internal heat, and qi and yin deficiency. Patients with Qi deficiency of the lung and kidney may see hematuria triggered or aggravated by external sensation, laziness and laziness in speech, low voice and timidity, spontaneous sweating and fear of wind, and may be accompanied by lumbar soreness and weakness, with pale tongue and white fur and weak pulse. In patients with spleen and kidney Qi deficiency, the symptoms include pale red urine or hematuria under the microscope, with onset with slight exertion, tiredness and weakness, shortness of breath and lazy speech, soreness and weakness of the waist and knees, loose stools, light mouth without thirst, pale tongue with white fur or white greasy pulse, the treatment should be to strengthen the spleen, benefit Qi and tonify the kidney. Patients with yin deficiency and internal heat, see repeated microscopic hematuria, flesh-eye hematuria due to pharyngeal infection, dizziness, dizziness or blindness, five heartburn, waist pain, limb weakness, dry mouth and throat, dry stool, light red tongue or red tongue, thin coating, thin string or number of pulse. Treatment should be to nourish kidney yin, cool the blood and stop bleeding. Patients with deficiency of Qi and Yin can see hematuria, which is sometimes light and sometimes heavy, mainly hematuria under the microscope, hematuria in the naked eye with slight exertion, fatigue, poor appetite, heat in the hands and feet, dry mouth and throat, poor appetite, light red tongue with little coating, thin or fine pulse, treatment should be to benefit Qi and nourish the kidney, activate blood and clear heat, prescription can be selected from Ginseng and Astragalus Dihuang Tang with reduction. Patients with hematuria should usually develop the habit of drinking more water. In life, one should not often make the bladder highly filled and feel the urge to urinate that is to go to urinate to reduce the retention of urine in the bladder for too long. Infection is an important factor in the persistence and recurrence of hematuria. Those who are in poor physical condition and easy to catch a cold should pay attention to strengthening exercise, enhancing physical fitness, going to public places less often, increasing and decreasing clothing in time to prevent cold and cold, and seeking medical attention as soon as upper respiratory tract infection occurs. Strenuous exercise also often makes hematuria repeated and aggravated, so it is not advisable to exercise and stand for a long time. Life should be regular, do not overwork, sleep deprivation, etc. caused by the body’s immune system decline behavior, maintain an optimistic attitude and emotions. It is advisable to eat a light diet, avoid eating spicy and stimulating things, avoid smoking and alcohol. It is also very important to avoid the use of drugs that are damaging to the kidneys.