I. What are the specific laboratory tests for AIDS?
1.HIV antibody and P24 antigen: antibody is divided into primary screening test and confirmation test.
2.HIV viral load: HIV-1 nucleic acid quantification.
3.CD4 lymphocyte count: to evaluate the immune function deficiency status
2.How to confirm the diagnosis of AIDS?
1.Acute stage
Diagnostic criteria: Patients with recent epidemiological history and clinical manifestations, combined with the laboratory HIV antibody from negative to positive can be diagnosed, or check the HIV viral load twice can be diagnosed. 80% of HIV-infected patients can detect antibodies in the initial screening test 6 weeks after infection, almost 100% of infected patients can detect antibodies after 12 weeks, only a very small number of patients are detected within 3 months or 6 months after infection.
2.Asymptomatic period
Diagnostic criteria: Diagnosis can be made with epidemiological history combined with positive HIV antibodies, or only with positive laboratory tests for HIV antibodies.
3.AIDS stage
HIV-positive people show the following manifestations.
(1) persistent irregular fever of unknown cause of 38℃ or more for >1 month.
(2) Chronic diarrhea more than 3 times/day for >1 month.
(3) Weight loss of 10% or more within 6 months.
(4) Recurrent oral Candida albicans infections.
(5) Recurrent herpes simplex virus infection or herpes zoster virus infection.
(6) Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP);
(7) recurrent bacterial pneumonia
(8) active tuberculosis or non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis
(9) deep fungal infections
(10) Occupational lesions of the central nervous system.
(11) Dementia in young and middle-aged adults.
(12) active cytomegalovirus infection
(13) Toxoplasma gondii encephalopathy.
(14) Penicillium infection.
(15) Recurrent sepsis.
(16) Kaposi’s sarcoma and lymphoma of the skin, mucous membranes or internal organs.