Frostbite is a skin injury that tends to occur in winter. It tends to occur on exposed areas such as the fingers, back of the hands, heels, toes, ear rings, nose tips, and cheeks. Frostbite is a localized skin injury caused by cold, which is characterized by pale skin, followed by redness and swelling of the skin with itching, numbness, tingling and other sensory abnormalities, or in severe cases, grayish, dark red skin or loss of local sensation, and slow healing. Although frostbite is not a major disease, it really itches and hurts when it flares up. As the saying goes, “If you get frostbite one year, you get frostbite every year. Therefore, it is especially important to prevent frostbite in order to get rid of it. The reason why some people are prone to frostbite and others are not is that frostbite is influenced by other factors besides cold. (1) Children and women are prone to frostbite: This is because children have a much stronger response to small subcutaneous vasoconstriction than middle-aged people, especially than older people, after receiving cold stimuli. Under the stimulation of cold, children’s subcutaneous blood vessels contract spasmodically, stagnating blood and causing local tissue malnutrition, making them prone to injury, while the small subcutaneous blood vessels of the elderly are not sensitive to cold stimulation, so they are less likely to develop frostbite. In addition, women are less adaptable to cold and have lower skin resistance to cold. Therefore, women are also prone to frostbite. (2) People with weak constitution and poor blood circulation: People with heart disease, vascular disease and poor peripheral blood circulation have poor local skin adaptation, tolerance and resistance to cold, and cannot withstand cold stimulation, so frostbite easily occurs. (3) Living and working in humid environments: Humid environments can significantly aggravate the effects and hazards of cold on the body and more easily destroy the contraction and diastole functions of local blood vessels, prompting the formation of frostbite. Therefore, frostbite is more likely to occur in a humid than in a dry environment. In addition, frostbite is also likely to occur in people who stand for long periods of time, lack activity, have narrow clothing, are malnourished, and are overly fatigued. 2, how to treat frostbite Unbroken frostbite can be treated with drugs that promote blood circulation, such as 10% camphor spirit or chili tincture local rubbing. The folk use chili decoction for local scalding, which has a certain effect. If the ulcer has broken down, apply 5% boric acid ointment, red mold poison ointment or lard and honey ointment (30% lard and 70% honey) and bandage. At the same time, internal consumption of peripheral vasodilators such as niacin. In Chinese medicine, the treatment is to warm the meridians, open the channels, activate blood circulation and remove blood stasis. The key to healing frostbite is to get rid of the wet and cold environment and keep the frostbite area warm and dry, otherwise it is prone to recurrence. (1) The main measures to prevent the recurrence of frostbite are: make sure that the living room is protected from cold, warmth and humidity, and that the indoor temperature is kept above 15°C and the relative humidity is about 50%. Keep shoes and socks, insoles and gloves dry. Sweaty feet should not wear rubber shoes, and can be used to stop foot sweat powder. (2) A few reminders: poor blood circulation is the main cause of frostbite. Therefore, do not wrap the cold clothing too tightly so that the local blood circulation is not good. Do not think that rubbing the frostbite area with a snowball can cure frostbite. Rubbing the skin with snowballs will only increase the local cold and dampness, making frostbite worse. When frostbite becomes severely ulcerated, you should seek medical attention. 3, how to prevent frostbite Prevention of frostbite should be carried out in the late autumn cold exercise. The specific method can be used to soak the parts of the body that often had frostbite in previous years, such as hands and feet. Start soaking for half an hour every day, and then soak for an hour. Next, pay attention to local cold-proofing and warming: (1) Pay attention to cold-proofing and warming of exposed parts of the skin prone to frostbite in winter, such as hands, feet, ears, etc. (2) Perform appropriate cold-tolerance exercises, such as washing your face, hands and feet with cold water, to improve your skin’s ability to tolerate cold. (3) In a cold environment, the exposed parts can be rubbed continuously, and the limbs should be moved more often to increase local blood circulation. (4) Winter shoes and socks should be kept dry and avoid moisture. Finally, attention should also be paid to focus on the whole body. Such as ensuring sufficient sleep and avoiding overexertion to enhance physical fitness; diet should be rich in protein, fat and vitamin food, especially high-fat food, such as lamb, chocolate, etc., in order to provide sufficient heat for the body.