Successful embryo implantation is highly dependent on the quality of the embryo and the endometrial tolerance. The implantation process involves complex interactions between the mature blastocyst and the hormonally influenced uterus. Abnormalities of uterine structures such as fibroids, uterine malformations, uterine adhesions and endometrial polyps can lead to infertility, implantation failure or miscarriage. Endometrial polyps are the most common structural abnormalities of the uterus, with a prevalence of more than 11% of infertile women. The mechanism by which endometrial polyps affect implantation is unknown. As the glands and interstitium of endometrial polyps respond to progesterone stimulants , it may lead to implantation failure at the site where the polyp is present. It has been suggested that patients with endometrial polyps have increased levels of immunosuppressive glycoproteins in their serum, which may contribute to their implantation failure. The presence of endometrial polyps may also lead to a local inflammatory reaction, or changes in the morphology of the uterine cavity, therefore affecting normal implantation and embryonic development. In infertility treatment, any endometrial polyp that is suggested by ultrasound should be further investigated and treated. However, the management of polyps found during gonadotropin stimulation is still controversial, especially for polyps smaller than 20 mm, for which there is no optimal treatment. A comprehensive evaluation of relevant factors should be performed before choosing a treatment modality. There is a lack of robust data on the impact of endometrial polyp removal on implantation and live birth rates in spontaneous pregnancy or assisted reproduction.