1.What is wrong with the back pain reported by patients after spinal tuberculosis surgery? What should I do? After any spinal surgery, due to skin incision, soft tissue stripping, as well as bone structure removal and fixation, coupled with a longer period of bed rest and reduced exercise after surgery, or even due to patients being too anxious and nervous to move around, these factors may cause some uncomfortable symptoms such as back pain, stiffness and easy fatigue in patients. However, with the passage of time and the increase of activity, most patients’ above symptoms will be gradually relieved. During this period, physical therapy, massage, acupuncture and oral medication can also be given for specific symptoms, and patients can receive regular checkups. 2. What should I do if I have numbness and nerve damage in my lower extremities after spinal tuberculosis surgery? Numbness of the lower extremities after spinal tuberculosis surgery generally has two causes: one is due to the compression of the spinal cord and nerve roots by tuberculosis abscesses or spinal destruction, resulting in sensory, motor and bowel dysfunction. For this condition that existed before surgery, we have to recognize two points: first, the recovery of nerve function takes some time, which may be weeks, months or even more than one year; second, the recovery has Second, there is a limit to recovery, and if the nerve function has been damaged for a longer period of time and to a greater degree before surgery, it is difficult to recover to normal levels. In addition, surgical operations on spinal tuberculosis lesions may cause some disturbance or even damage to the spinal cord and nerves. If the damage is mild, most of them will recover gradually; if the damage is more severe, recovery will be difficult. An experienced surgeon can reduce the probability of such risks to a low level, and, in the event of nerve damage, an experienced surgeon will also be able to make appropriate and proactive treatment at an early stage to keep the damage to a minimum. Therefore, it is important to select a professional hospital and an experienced doctor. 3.Is it because the surgery was not done properly that I had frequent urination before the surgery and still have frequent urination after the surgery? What should I do? Frequent urination before surgery means that there is nerve tissue damage. The presence of frequent urination after surgery is not a failure of surgery. After spinal cord compression nerve injury, some patients recover quickly after surgery to release the compression, some recover slowly, and a few do not recover or even have worse symptoms due to mechanisms such as ischemia-reperfusion injury. Postoperatively, hormones and other drugs should be used routinely to improve microcirculation and eliminate edema, and neurotrophic drugs should be used to facilitate the recovery of nerve function. MRI should also be reviewed to exclude spinal cord compression or incomplete decompression caused by postoperative hematoma. 4.Does the postoperative hunchback indicate a reappearance of deformity? Do I need a second surgery if the deformity reappears? The recurrence of hunchback after spinal tuberculosis requires immediate consultation with the attending surgeon and review of X-rays to confirm whether there is a failure of internal fixation. If the deformity recurs due to internal fixation failure such as nail or rod breakage or retraction of nail, a second surgery is required to correct the deformity. 5. What is a sinus tract? What should I do if a sinus tract forms after surgery for spinal tuberculosis and does not heal? How long does it usually take for a sinus tract to heal? A sinus tract, in simple terms, is a deep blind canal that opens on the surface of the skin due to the invasion of bone and soft tissues by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, resulting in poor drainage of large amounts of purulent secretions in the body, initially destroying the deep soft tissues, and then gradually invading the skin surface. Generally, the sinus tract formed after surgery can gradually heal within 2-3 months by changing medication and chemotherapy with anti-tuberculosis drugs. However, there are some cases that do not heal over time and eventually require surgical treatment. 6.Does the sinus tract need to be operated again after surgery for spinal tuberculosis with redness and pus? Can it be cured medically? The redness and pus in the sinus tract after surgery for spinal tuberculosis requires special attention and is most likely due to a mixed infection. If this occurs, a combination of anti-tuberculosis drugs and antibiotics should be used, and a second surgery is required for a prolonged sinus tract or a recurrence of a large abscess. 7. Is spinal tuberculosis prone to recurrence after surgery? With the development of modern surgical techniques and internal fixation devices, the cure rate of spinal tuberculosis has increased significantly based on standardized anti-tuberculosis drug therapy. In the literature, the recurrence rate of spinal tuberculosis after surgery is 1.28%-25%. Pre- and postoperative irregular chemotherapy, failure to obtain good fixation of focal segments, extensive lesions, incomplete removal of lesions, and poor nutritional status are the main factors causing recurrence of tuberculosis. 8.What should I do if there is recurrence, abscess formation and incision non-healing after internal fixation? As far as possible, culture, drug sensitivity and strain identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in pus should be done to clarify whether the recurrent lesion is still Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, whether it is drug resistant, and whether it is combined with other types of infection, and adjust the chemotherapy program according to the examination results. If the abscess is large and the incision does not heal, a new lesion debridement should be considered; if there is no “foreign body” such as internal fixation or bone graft material in the lesion, only a lesion debridement should be performed. However, lesion debridement itself can cause medically induced spinal instability and may require re-fixation if necessary.