Indications for surgical treatment of axillary parametrium and its related considerations

  (a) Surgery is considered for axillary parametrial glands in the following cases: First, nodules or lumps in the parametrial glands must be operated.  Second, parammary glands with obvious pain, although there is no nodule or lump, but still difficult to relieve after medication, can be operated.  Third, parammary glands combined with nipples, nipples with discharge or overflow phenomenon, must be operated.  Fourth, the parammary glands are larger and affect the beauty of the appearance, and those who require surgery can be considered for surgery.  In addition to the above cases, generally do not need surgical treatment, only regular review can be.  (B) The requirements of the scope of surgery for the parammary gland: When the parammary gland is treated surgically, all the glandular tissues should be removed, and it is also necessary to remove the nipple areola if it is combined with the nipple. The glandular tissue of the axillary parammary gland is often close to the skin dermis. Therefore, it is not easy to remove the parametrial glands, which requires the patience and delicate operation of the breast surgeon. If the excision is not complete, the parametrial glands will easily grow and enlarge again.  (c) Possible complications of parammary gland surgery: First, postoperative axillary fluid accumulation (mainly lymphatic fluid, sometimes fat liquefaction, and very rarely bloody fluid). This is more common. Since the axillary subcutaneous fatty lymphatic tissue is abundant and influenced by shoulder joint activities, it is easy to cause fluid accumulation. In particular, the more thorough the surgery, the larger the trauma and the greater the risk of fluid accumulation. Countermeasures: careful intraoperative hemostasis and ligation of the lymphatic vessels with a fine line as much as possible; postoperative control of shoulder joint activity is most important; proper drainage is also important.  Second, postoperative flap necrosis. This is mainly caused by blood flow damage to the flap or thermal damage to the flap by the electric knife when the surgery is complete. This is less common.  Third, postoperative wound healing is delayed. It is mainly related to frequent shoulder joint activities.  Fourth, wound infection. Rare, mainly related to aseptic operation and postoperative contamination.  Fifth, keloid scar and shoulder joint movement disorder. Extremely rare, related to individual physique, and a more distant complication.  When you decide to have paramedic surgery, please consider carefully the above possible potential complications. Of course, once they occur, they can all be cured by active management and patient cooperation with treatment.