1. Etiology: genetics accounts for 4.9-15.6%. Patients with genetic background and pathogenic genes, is the basis of the pathogenesis, autoimmune that is, immune dysfunction plays an important role. The skin or hair turns white due to melanocyte destruction, the rash gradually expands, and a few patients can heal themselves.
2. Performance: The disease occurs later in life, and half of the patients develop it within 20 years of age. The skin or hair turns white with clear boundaries. It can be limited, disseminated, generalized, limited to the extremities and face or segmental distribution.
3.Harm: The disease basically has no effect on the body and causes mental anxiety mainly due to its appearance.
4. Differentiation: Anemic nevus, leprosy, lichen planus, etc.
5.Treatment: There are no specific drugs available, but with systematic treatment, the development of the disease can generally be controlled, and then gradually treated to make the existing lesions subside.
(1) Internal medication can accelerate the fading of lesions and prevent recurrence to a certain extent, but there are side effects.
(2) Topical drugs can control the development of lesions to a certain extent and promote lesion regression, but cannot prevent recurrence.
(3) Local closed treatment can rapidly control the expansion of lesions and promote pigment recovery. It is suitable for small and flat lesions.
(4) Application of immunomodulators can correct the patient’s immune function and prevent recurrence.
(5) Skin grinding or epidermal grafting. After the above treatments, most of the rashes can be reduced in size and some patients can be cured. However, about one month after treatment, the lesions can be enlarged and the boundaries are not clear, which is normal.
6. Efficacy observation: generally lesions on flat areas, smaller lesions, newly emerged lesions, and proximal lesions have better efficacy, while lesions on end parts of the body such as head and face, hands and feet have poorer efficacy. Early treatment is advocated. The rash edge pigmentation subsides, the boundaries are unclear, the scope is reduced, and there are islands of normal skin at the edge crawling toward the center of the lesion, indicating improvement.
7. Covering: Topical covering agents can be used to color the white spots for cosmetic purposes.
8.Prevention: prevent trauma and avoid sunlight for photosensitive people. Long-term application of immunomodulator Disu to prevent recurrence.