I. What is allergic skin disease Allergic skin disease is a skin disease caused by allergens, specific allergens can be divided into contact allergens, inhalation allergens, ingested allergens and injected allergens four categories. Contact allergies such as someone’s exposure to some nickel, chemicals, topical cosmetics, watches, nickel-plated metals, or even someone wearing jeans where the button is attached to the navel can also cause allergies. Inhalation allergies such as inhalation of pollen, as well as furry toys, dust, and mites in the dust. There are many examples of food allergies, thousands and tens of thousands of allergies. Some people are even allergic to rice, white flour, beans, and animal proteins. Injection allergies such as injection of serum vaccines or certain drugs can cause allergic reactions, the most common being penicillin allergy and allergy caused by rabies vaccination. Each type of allergen can cause the corresponding allergic skin disease, the main manifestations of which are various kinds of dermatitis, eczema, urticaria, drug rash, contact dermatitis, etc. With atmospheric pollution, pesticide abuse, premature use and abuse of antibiotics in infants and children, increasing abundance of food or mental stress, the number of people with the disease is gradually increasing. In addition, because of the increasing use of cosmetics in recent years, cosmetic skin diseases are becoming increasingly common. The main ones are cosmetic contact dermatitis (accounting for more than 50%), cosmetic photosensitive dermatitis, cosmetic skin pigmentation abnormalities, cosmetic acne, cosmetic hair damage and cosmetic nail damage. The causes are allergy (unpredictability), irritation (shoddy products), and improper use (frequent exfoliation, excessive spot removal, etc.). In a season like the current one, when daylight suddenly enhances at the turn of spring and summer, some people do not adapt to the change and become allergic as well; wind and sand, although they do not cause allergies, can irritate the skin and cause uncomfortable symptoms. People often wonder why I get rashes when they eat fish and shrimp, but other people are fine. Allergic skin diseases are mainly related to genetic and environmental factors (including inhalants, food, medications and infections, and even climate change and emotional changes). Allergies often have great individual variability and tend to occur in sensitive individuals. Common allergens and allergen screening Common allergens include the following categories: Food: fish, shrimp, crab, eggs, followed by certain meats and some plant foods such as strawberries, cocoa, tomatoes, pineapple, coffee, or garlic and other condiments. Drugs: common are penicillin, serum products, sulfonamide, dysentery, aspirin, etc. Infections: including viruses, bacteria, parasites, etc. Physical factors: such as cold, heat, sunlight, friction and pressure and other physical stimuli. Animal and plant factors: such as insect bites, urticaria stimulation, or fine such as animal dander, feathers and pollen. Allergen testing is divided into contact allergen testing, mainly through patch testing to check contact allergens, such as cosmetics, jewelry, clothing, and renovation-induced allergies. Inhalation allergens are examined mainly by blood sampling, but also by skin tests like the penicillin skin test. Food allergens are also checked by this method. However, in some cases, allergens are also not detected. For example, there are many dermatitis and eczema similar to allergic skin diseases, but not real skin allergies, so this situation is often not detected by allergy testing, because its pathogenesis is not allergy, but irritation, is a variety of irritants caused by skin irritation, or there are some chemical substances in contact with the skin or after eating, can cause the release of some inflammatory mediators in the body, directly causing dermatitis or urticaria. It is similar to allergy, but the test does not detect it. It is similar to allergy, but it is not detected by the test. In addition, because the substances examined are limited to the most common allergens, if the substances you are allergic to are not included in these substances, then they are also not detected. Food is the main cause of allergies, and avoiding all foods that you suspect may have allergies in order to cure them is obviously not a smart and reasonable approach. Then it is particularly important to determine which food is allergic. You can try to apply the following methods: 1. Food record method: record the types of food eaten each month such as rice, eggs, shrimp, chicken, cucumber, tomatoes, etc., the time of intake (such as month, day, time, etc.), and the time of allergy occurrence. Once an allergy occurs, the relationship between food and allergy can be found from the records. Generally, more attention should be paid to the food eaten 12-24 hours before the occurrence of allergy. This method is simple and easy to master, but it is difficult to get accurate results. 2. Food exclusion method: First use foods that are commonly eaten without allergies, i.e. foods containing only rice, noodles, soybeans, potatoes, peas, carrots, pumpkin, zucchini and other things that are rarely allergenic. Try not to add seasoning and other ingredients that may cause allergies within the meal. Eat this light food continuously for 3 weeks. Generally, if the food allergy is confirmed, the rash should no longer occur after three weeks of such a diet. At this point, you can start adding the suspect foods one by one to the above light foods. If an allergic reaction occurs after adding a suspected food, the test result of this food is positive and should be recorded. Each suspected food should be tested one by one, because a person may be allergic to two or more foods at the same time. The allergic food identified by this method is best consumed and observed again in order to further determine whether it is the food that really causes the allergy. It is also advisable to consume and observe the allergic food identified by the food recording method once again to make the results more reliable. The food that has been identified to cause allergy should not be eaten again in the future. After a period of time this allergic food is expected to control the occurrence of its allergic reaction. 3, skin test: the ingestion group skin test method is simple, only with an empty needle inhalation containing milk, rice, soy and other skin test solution, and then the subject’s upper arm to do a number of puncture can observe a variety of food allergic reactions. However, since the digestion and absorption of ingested rice, flour and beans in the body is a complex and integrated process, the physiological and biochemical changes that occur are not all reflected in the process of the ingested group of subjects, so the results obtained, although positive, need to be analyzed clinically to determine whether the food is the one causing the allergy. How to treat allergic skin disease The main principle is to remove the cause, control scratching and avoid irritation. The general prevention and treatment includes the following points: Find the cause of the disease as far as possible, and try to avoid it if you can, or remove it if you cannot. Avoid all kinds of allergenic and irritating foods, such as fish and shrimp, strong tea, coffee, alcohol, etc. Avoid all kinds of external stimuli, such as hot water, violent scratching, excessive washing, etc. There are many friends after the occurrence of allergies on their own with scalding water, wash with salt water or pepper water, or simply scratch desperately until scratching bleeding, although these measures are very effective in a period of time, but after stopping the original lesions will be heavier, and then further go to stimulate large, leading to the occurrence of a vicious circle, the deterioration of skin disease. Some patients with clear allergens can undergo desensitization treatment. When allergy occurs, the main symptomatic treatment, including giving anti-allergy treatment, and oral or intramuscular injection of a variety of anti-allergy drugs, and at the same time can be given some corresponding topical drugs such as furnace glycolic lotion or hormone topical drugs. For those who are allergic, some common anti-allergy drugs such as paracetamol, Diazepam (imipramine), Xantremine (cetirizine), keratan (loratadine) and so on can be taken according to the instructions to achieve effective relief in case of allergy. However, if there is severe respiratory distress or even shock, it is necessary to go to the hospital urgently for treatment, including giving the right amount of hormones. Fourth, how to avoid allergies People who are often allergic usually belong to the allergic body, caused by a specific protein in the body, which is unchangeable. The best way to prevent skin allergies is to reduce exposure and try to protect yourself when you go out. People who are prone to allergies should spend less time in the sun in spring and go to parks and other places where there is more pollen and willow. Do not eat foods that may cause allergies, try to cook what you eat, eat as little seafood as possible, and avoid eating the head and hoof parts of animals. Keep the indoor temperature and humidity appropriate, try to avoid contact with substances that may cause allergies, and try to wear cotton, soft and loose clothes. After the house is newly renovated because it contains formaldehyde and these chemicals, it needs to be moved in after a period of time. A clean home comfortable indoor environment is more detrimental to allergies than the natural outdoor environment. It is important to know that various furniture with textiles, pillows, carpets, closed windows, and warm, humid spaces in the home are like putting a time bomb of allergies in the house. Studies have shown that indoor air pollution is more than 10 times greater than outdoor pollution, and it has a huge impact because we usually spend more than 90 percent of our time indoors. Therefore, you need to carefully clean the areas in your home where allergens gather (bedding, carpets, kitchen, bathroom and other humid places and the most likely location of the air conditioning filter) and then wash them off. Keep your skin moist by applying some moisturizing lotion.