The posterior elastic layer (descemet) is the basement membrane of the corneal endothelium, which is formed by the secretion of endothelial cell layer and is elastic and resistant, and can be regenerated after injury, and its periphery ends at the Schwalbe line, and is only loosely attached to the stromal layer in front of it. It is not uncommon for cataract extraction surgery to result in detachment of the posterior elastic layer of the cornea. The main cause of detachment is improper surgical procedure, which may cause transient limited corneal clouding in mild cases or corneal loss in severe cases, resulting in permanent corneal edema. The main causes of surgical detachment of the posterior elastic membrane are: ① incision positioned forward just near the Schwalbe line; ② oversized incision; ③ blunt scalpel; ④ mechanical injury when surgical instruments and IOLs etc. enter the anterior chamber; injection needle directly inserted between the stromal layer and the posterior elastic layer for water injection. ⑤ Inexperience of the operator and microscopic factors: the posterior elastic layer detachment is not clearly identified from the residual anterior lens capsule. When a small detachment began to appear, it was not identified and was mistaken for a floating lens capsule, resulting in a larger detachment with continued manipulation. (6) Patients with combined glaucoma, uveitis, and diabetes may have pathologic changes in the endothelial and posterior elastic layers that can be easily separated. Smaller detachments of the posterior elastic membrane are seen under the surgical microscope as a clear membrane reflexed from the incision in the anterior chamber and may float with the perfusate. Larger detachments can often be seen under the microscope as a folded line at the edge of the torn posterior elastic layer. 2, specific methods: there are ① intra-anterior atrial injection of perfusion fluid: carefully identify the cut-off position of the posterior elastic layer detachment, inject perfusion fluid from the distal end to deepen the anterior atrium, and then lightly press the posterior lip of the incision, perfusion fluid outflow, using the kinetic potential energy of perfusion fluid to reset it. ②Inject sodium hyaluronate into the anterior chamber to lift and reset the posterior elastic lamina. ③In case the two methods of ① and ② are ineffective, the anterior chamber is used to inject sterilized air bubbles to compress the posterior elastic layer to reset it. The position of the posterior elastic membrane should also be judged clearly before air injection, and air should be injected into the anterior chamber from the opposite side of the incision to allow the air bubbles to expand from behind the peeled posterior elastic layer and compress the posterior elastic membrane to achieve the reset effect. The anterior chamber is injected with sterile air plus viscoelastic, and the posterior elastic membrane is first identified under the slit lamp before surgery as an undetached or shallow detached site, and the anterior chamber is punctured with this site during surgery, and the needle is extended as far as possible in front of the iris, and air is slowly injected to lift the posterior elastic membrane upward from behind to reset it, and then viscoelastic is injected into the anterior chamber, and the reset of the posterior elastic membrane and the integrity of the posterior elastic membrane can be observed intraoperatively. et al. have reported good results with the administration of SF6 into the anterior chamber for extensive posterior elastic membrane detachment that was not treated with conventional methods. Transient high intraocular pressure may occur postoperatively, and the medication should be monitored. In the past, the suture fixation method was used, which can seriously damage the corneal endothelium, so it is now extremely rare. 3, the posterior elastic layer detachment is important to prevent: ① once the posterior elastic membrane detachment occurs during surgery, there is a tendency to spread to the surrounding, attention should be paid to protect so that it will not expand. On the one hand, it is necessary to avoid the detached posterior elastic membrane when entering any instrument, and on the other hand, it is necessary to avoid excessive water flow when rinsing the cortex and to keep away from the area. Because of the transparency of the detached posterior elastic membrane and its location, it is sometimes difficult to identify it with the anterior capsule, so it is not possible to accurately determine whether it is a posterior elastic membrane detachment, and one should not rashly attempt to aspirate it or use forceps to clip it out, otherwise it will cause severe and irreversible corneal edema and large vesicular keratopathy. ③ Intraoperative rapid, large, full posterior elastic membrane detachment without tearing sections is sometimes difficult to detect because of intraoperative corneal transparency and no obvious abnormal reflections. Postoperatively, it is also difficult to see because of severe corneal edema. If the possibility of elastic membrane detachment is considered, air and viscoelastic can be injected after surgery. ④If unexplained and severe corneal edema cloudiness is found after surgery, excluding mechanical injury and drug poisoning, posterior elastic membrane detachment should be considered as a possibility, and once diagnosed, posterior elastic membrane repositioning surgery should be actively performed for treatment. ⑤ Even if the corneal edema is long, don’t give up the surgical treatment easily, because the nutrition of corneal endothelial cells mainly comes from atrial water, and the endothelial cells are still active after the posterior elastic membrane detachment for a long time, so as long as there is no obvious endothelial cell damage during the operation, the normal function can be performed after the reset. According to the report of the species equality, the corneal edema of total detachment of the posterior elastic membrane caused by cataract surgery was restored and vision was restored after anterior chamber gas injection at 23 and 38 days after surgery, respectively.