Ventricular septal defects are the most common type of congenital heart disease, accounting for about 25% of all cases. Small ventricular septal defects can gradually become smaller or heal spontaneously within 1 year after birth, and about 25%-40% of ventricular septal defects may close and heal on their own at the age of 3-4 years. Small ventricular septal defects, perimembranous and myocardial defects tend to heal spontaneously, and even about 7% of large ventricular septal defects with heart failure have a chance of healing spontaneously. In addition, medical treatment of large ventricular septal defects at any age is ineffective and surgical treatment is indicated. Infants with pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary-to-body circulation ratios greater than 2:1, and supraspinal ventricular septal defects still require surgical treatment. Small ventricular septal defects should be repaired in preschool because of the risk of infectious pericarditis.