Peripheral vertigo is caused by lesions of the vestibular receptors and the extracranial segment of the vestibular nerve in the internal auditory tract. Clinical manifestations: 1. vertigo: sudden and intense sensation of rotation or shaking up and down, with a short duration, lasting for several minutes, hours or days and gradually fading away, a few can be chronic. It is related to the change of head position or body position, especially the lesion of the triple hemispheric canal. 2. Nystagmus: It exists in parallel with the vertigo attack and is obvious during the attack period and disappears during the interval. The amplitude is small, horizontal or horizontal plus rotational nystagmus, never vertical nystagmus, and does not diminish after eye closure. Fast phase to the healthy side or slow phase to the focal side, early fast phase to the affected side is irritating nystagmus, and later fast phase to the healthy side is destructive nystagmus. The nystagmus latency is 5-20 seconds during the position test, and each nystagmus is about 15 seconds, less than 1 minute; 3. Balance disorders: unstable standing of the torso or a sense of swaying from side to side; 4. Vestibular function test: cold and hot water test or no response or diminished response; 5. Auditory symptoms: the vestibular organ is adjacent to the cochlea, often accompanied by obvious tinnitus, hearing loss or deafness, etc. Tinnitus lasts longer than deafness; 6. Autonomic symptoms. Patients have violent vomiting, sweating and pallor, etc.; 7. Central nervous system signs: there are no signs of impaired brainstem, cerebellum and brain function. Peripheral vertigo can be divided into: 1. peripheral vertigo without hearing impairment: such as benign episodic positional vertigo, vestibular neuronitis, etc.; 2. peripheral vertigo with hearing impairment: such as Meniere’s disease, labyrinthitis, exolymphatic fistula, sudden deafness, autoimmune inner ear disease, etc.