A sperm bank definition: A sperm bank, also known as a human sperm bank, is a facility and place where human sperm is frozen using sperm freezing technology. Second sperm bank history: 1776, Spallanani first studied the effect of snow and ice on human sperm. 1866, Montegazza found that human sperm after -15 ℃ is still partially alive, according to this, Montegazza first proposed the use of low-temperature freezing storage of livestock semen to promote the development of animal husbandry, at the same time, he also first proposed the concept of sperm bank, he He envisioned the use of cryopreservation of soldiers’ semen so that biological offspring could be preserved for soldiers killed on the battlefield. However, it was not until the 1950s that glycerol was discovered by chance to be a good cryoprotectant, and subsequently glycerol was successfully used to freeze animal sperm and give birth to a calf. From then on, human sperm cryopreservation technology gradually matured towards clinical application, and the first donor inseminated babies were born in 1953. In 1981, Professor Lu Guang-L of Hunan Medical University established the first human sperm bank in China. The main functions of human sperm banks are to provide reproductive insurance, to facilitate human eugenics, to provide effective treatment for some male infertility patients and to conduct relevant scientific research. 1, to provide reproductive insurance In 1866, when Montegazza first proposed the concept of sperm banks, he envisioned the use of cryogenic frozen storage of soldiers’ semen, so that artificial insemination could be performed for the widows of soldiers killed on the battlefield, Montegazza essentially wanted to provide a fertility insurance for soldiers who were about to leave for the front. Men who want to have children again after vasectomy need to undergo microscopic vasectomy, which is expensive. If semen is cryopreserved before vasectomy, the problem of having children again can be solved by artificial insemination at little cost, and it also eliminates the fear of having children again after male sterilization, which facilitates the implementation of our national family planning policy. Men in dangerous occupations or occupations that affect fertility, and men who will undergo treatments that may impair fertility (such as radiotherapy, etc.), also need fertility insurance provided by sperm banks. 2. Facilitate human eugenics For couples where the male partner has genetic diseases and a family history, frozen semen provides an optional eugenic method so that serious genetic diseases can be prevented from being passed on to the next generation. 3.Provide effective treatment for some male infertility patients For azoospermia patients, sperm from the sperm bank can be used for artificial insemination to meet the azoospermic couple’s desire to have a child; for patients with oligozoospermia, semen can also be collected several times for artificial insemination by husband after laboratory treatment. 4, exhibition of relevant scientific research Through the freezing and storage of semen, it can deepen the understanding of the laws of change of biological substances in the process of freezing and thawing, and help the development of low-temperature biology and other disciplines.