Core tip: Common eye diseases or eye abnormalities in newborns are broadly divided into three categories: 1, congenital eye diseases or eye malformations; 2, neonatal eye diseases; 3, eye tissue developmental delays; the so-called interventional eye disease is the peak of visual development within the age of 1 to 3 years, if not early intervention, can lead to blindness or amblyopia eye disease. In 1999, the World Health Organization (WHO) and other six international blindness prevention organizations launched the “Vision 2020, a global action to eliminate avoidable blindness and enjoy the right to see” initiative, and since 2000, the United States, the United Kingdom, Denmark and other countries have been carrying out newborn eye disease and infant vision screening. 2013 was the first year in the province to start the newborn eye disease screening. In 2013, we were the first in the province to start screening for newborn eye diseases, and so far we have screened more than 800 cases and diagnosed more than 50 cases of congenital eye diseases in newborns. Among infants and preschoolers, 5-10% have vision problems. Among children from infancy to 7 years of age, 2% to 5% have strabismus and amblyopia. Early detection of visual impairment provides the best opportunity for effective and less costly treatment. Also infants and children have immature visual systems and if visual impairments are not detected early and treated promptly, the eye will not provide clear images to the brain and permanent vision loss will result. Screening newborns for eye disease is about early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment of certain treatable pediatric eye diseases. Screening steps include initial screening, re-screening, follow-up and intervention: initial screening is within one week after birth. The initial screening includes 1) external eye examination, 2) response to light stimulation, 3) red light reflex, 4) dilated fundus examination, etc. After the initial screening, the diagnosis is clear and effective interventions are carried out in time; for suspected cases, diagnosed cases and cases that cannot be confirmed through the initial screening, targeted reexamination is carried out at regular intervals. For those with high risk factors for neonatal eye disease (e.g., low birth weight infants with high oxygen inhalation), even if there are no obvious positive signs at the time of examination, we should actively follow up and instruct parents to learn observation methods to detect problems in a timely manner. For complicated cases and children requiring surgical treatment, they need to be promptly referred to specialized ophthalmology care. Common eye diseases or eye abnormalities in newborns are broadly divided into three categories: 1. congenital eye diseases or eye abnormalities; 2. neonatal eye diseases; 3. delayed development of eye tissues; the so-called interventional eye diseases are those that can lead to blindness or cause amblyopia if not intervened early within the peak of the sensitive period of visual development, 1 to 3 years old. For example, retinopathy of prematurity, retinoblastoma, congenital glaucoma, cataract, ptosis, strabismus, and other eye diseases. Early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment and intervention are necessary for such eye diseases. In contrast, some congenital eye abnormalities that have little effect on vision and are temporarily untreatable are classified as informative eye diseases and parents are informed that there is no urgency to intervene.