(a) Typing according to anatomical site.
1.Central type
That is, iliac-femoral vein thrombosis. The onset of the disease is acute, with obvious swelling of the lower limbs, pain and pressure in the iliac fossa and femoral triangle on the affected side, dilated superficial veins, and increased skin temperature and body temperature of the affected limbs. The onset is more on the left side than on the right side.
2.Peripheral type
Femoral vein or calf vein thrombosis.
The thrombosis limited to femoral vein is mainly characterized by swelling and pain in the thigh, but the swelling in the lower limb is often not serious because the iliofemoral vein is open.
The clinical characteristics of deep vein thrombosis confined to the calf are: sudden onset of severe pain in the calf, the affected foot can not land on the ground, and the symptoms are aggravated when walking; the calf is swollen and has deep pressure pain, and the ankle hyperdorsiflexion test can cause severe pain in the calf.
3.Mixed type
Total lower limb deep vein thrombosis.
The main clinical manifestations are: the whole lower extremity is obviously swollen, severe pain, the femoral triangle, N fossa, calf muscle layer can have pressure pain, often accompanied by increased body temperature and accelerated pulse rate (white swelling of the femur).
If the disease continues to progress, the limbs become extremely swollen, causing compression of the lower limb arteries as well as arterial spasm, resulting in impaired blood supply to the lower limb arteries and loss of pulsation of the dorsalis pedis artery and posterior carotid artery, which in turn often results in blisters on the calves and dorsalis pedis, and a marked decrease in skin temperature and bruising (femoral bruise), which can lead to venous gangrene if not treated promptly.
(ii) Typing according to the evolution of the clinical course of the disease.
With the prolongation of the course of the disease from the acute phase gradually into the chronic phase. According to the course of the disease can be divided into the following four types
1, occlusive type
In the early stage of the disease, the deep venous lumen is obstructed, characterized by obvious swelling and distension of the lower extremities, accompanied by extensive superficial venous dilatation, generally without nutritional disorders of the lower legs.
2.Partial recanalization type
In the middle of the disease process, the deep vein is partially recanalized. At this time, the swelling and swelling pain of the limb is reduced, but the superficial vein dilatation is more obvious or more varicose, and there may be pigmentation in the distal part of the lower leg.
3.Recanalization type
In the late stage of the disease, the deep veins are mostly or completely recanalized, the swelling of the lower limbs is reduced but aggravated after activity, and there are obvious anterior varicose veins, extensive pigmentation of the lower legs and chronic recurrent ulcers.
4.Recanalization
Re-acute deep vein thrombosis in the recanalized deep vein lumen.
(C) Complications and sequelae
1.Pulmonary embolism.
Deep vein thrombosis can cause pulmonary embolism if it dislodges into the pulmonary artery, and large pulmonary embolism can be fatal, which should be paid great attention.
2.Post-formation syndrome of deep vein thrombosis
After the formation of deep vein thrombosis, with the progress of thrombus mechanization and recanalization process, the symptoms of venous reflux will be gradually reduced, while the symptoms of venous reflux caused by the destruction of deep vein valve will be gradually increased, and the post-deep vein thrombosis syndrome will be left.