The causes of axial myopia are mainly due to genetic and environmental interactions that lead to the deepening of myopia caused by the elongation of the eye axis. Myopia is mainly divided into the following categories: First, curvilinear myopia: This kind of myopia is mainly due to the increase in the curvature of the cornea. The normal value of corneal curvature is usually 43D, while the curvature of myopic eyes may exceed 43D, which is called curvilinear myopia. Second, axial myopia: It is mainly due to the elongation of the eye axis. Each age group corresponds to a corresponding eye axis length, and if the growth rate exceeds the eye axis length matched by the normal age, it will lead to myopia deepening. Genetics is the basis of the main factors causing the deepening, while the acquired environment, including various habits of eye use, causes the deepening as an acquired factor.