Enlarged tonsils require examination of the otolaryngology department. The causes of enlarged tonsils are the following: 1. Bilateral enlarged tonsils due to acute inflammatory infections, usually hemolytic streptococcal infections. When the body’s immunity and resistance decreases, bacteria and viruses will invade, thus causing the tonsils to be bilaterally enlarged, congested, and covered with pus plugs on the surface, and patients will experience dry throat, sore throat, and foreign body sensation in the throat. The treatment requires symptomatic anti-inflammatory therapy, oral or input cephalosporins, which can heal in about a week. 2. Unilateral enlargement of the tonsils due to malignant tumors of the tonsils, which can be seen as cauliflower-like neoplasms and crater-like ulcers on the surface of the unilateral tonsils, can lead to unilateral abnormal enlargement of the tonsils, which develops more rapidly. In treatment, local pathology needs to be taken, and if malignancy is diagnosed, surgery is required to remove the tonsils together with postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy.