Renal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in urology, and its morbidity and mortality rate accounts for about 2% of the total body tumors, with a male to female ratio of about 2:1. The study found that XIAP is expressed in most tumor tissues, but not in normal tissues, and is closely related to tumor progression, recurrence, prognosis, and resistance to tumor chemotherapy. Foreign studies reported that high XIAP mRNA expression was associated with the clinical stage and pathological grading of renal cell carcinoma, and renal clear cell carcinoma had a poorer prognosis than papillary renal cell carcinoma with higher XIAP expression; XIAP expression increased with the increase of TGF-β1 secreted by renal tumor cells; the same expression pattern of XIAP was found in non-small cell lung cancer. ramp U et al. reported that an average of 56 months RAMP U et al. reported that in the average follow-up of 56 months, kidney cancer patients with no or low XIAP expression had longer survival than those with high XIAP expression; AML patients with low XIAP expression also had longer survival; the results of our study showed that there were 52 cases of positive XIAP protein expression in 70 renal clear cell carcinoma specimens, with a positive rate of 74.3%, indicating that XIAP plays an important role in the development and progression of renal clear cell carcinoma. We know that the clinical stage and pathological grade of kidney cancer are important factors affecting its prognosis, and the above results suggest that kidney cancer patients with high XIAP protein expression have poor prognosis. XIAP protein expression can be used as an important molecular target for kidney cancer treatment, providing a theoretical basis for targeting XIAP for anti-renal cell carcinoma treatment.