Reproduction is the eternal theme of human society’s own development, and with the improvement of economic level and social development, reproductive health is getting more and more attention from people. As the pace of life accelerates, environmental pollution intensifies, and the concept of fertility changes, the incidence of infertility has been on the rise in recent years. According to some statistics, one out of every seven couples in China has a fertility problem, and WHO has listed infertility, cardiovascular diseases and tumors as one of the three major diseases affecting human health in today’s society, so infertility is a worldwide health problem. Infertility is a common disease that involves all aspects of marriage and family, as well as a medical and social problem affecting both men and women. The introduction of IVF technology has opened up a wider world for the study of the basic human reproductive process, and has provided greater possibilities for the successful treatment of infertility, bringing joy to countless infertile families. To date, more than 4 million IVF babies have been born worldwide, and IVF babies account for 1% of all births in developed countries such as Europe and the United States. Data from the Department of Women and Social Welfare of the National Health and Family Planning Commission show that the number of IVF babies born in China in 2009, 2010 and 2011 were 55,946, 77,234 and 83,062 respectively. IVF is a high-tech technology that has gradually come to the common people. “IVF” is the common name for in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer technology, which is currently the most widely used assisted reproductive technology in the world. “IVF is not really a baby that grows up in a test tube, but a few eggs are removed from the ovaries, combined with the male partner’s sperm in a laboratory to form an embryo, which is then transferred to the uterus, where it can be implanted in the mother’s uterus and become pregnant. A normal pregnancy occurs when the sperm and the egg meet in the fallopian tube and the two unite to form a fertilized egg, which then moves back through the fallopian tube to the uterine cavity to continue the pregnancy. Therefore, IVF can be simply understood as a laboratory test tube replacing the function of the fallopian tubes, hence the name “in vitro fertilization”. The development of IVF has a long history, as early as the 1940s, scientists began to experiment on animals. In 1959, Chinese American biologist Minjue Zhang fertilized and combined sperm and eggs recovered from rabbits after mating in vitro, transplanted the fertilized eggs into the fallopian tubes of other rabbits, and gave birth to normal young rabbits by borrowing their abdomens. The results of his animal experiments laid a good foundation for in vitro fertilization and in vitro fertilization research in humans. In the 1970s, British embryologist Robot Edwards and obstetrician and gynecologist Patrick Steptoe collaborated to successfully perform the world’s first in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer, and on July 25, 1978, the world’s first IVF baby, Louis-Brown, was born at Cambridge University in England. Louis-Brown is now 36 years old and is the mother of two children. More than 30 years later, the father of IVF, RobotEdwards, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 2010 for his great contribution to human reproductive medicine.