Meningococcal meningitis is a purulent meningitis caused by S. meningitidis, which can develop throughout the year and at any age, with more incidences in winter and spring, and the incidence begins to rise after November, reaching a peak from February to April. The incidence is highest in children under 14 years of age, especially in children under 7 years of age. Meningococcal bacteria are hidden in the nasopharyngeal secretions of patients or carriers, and the infection is mainly spread directly from the air by droplets through coughing, sneezing, talking, etc., into the respiratory tract. Infection with rheumatoid fever and sore throat are similar to cold symptoms at first, followed by elevated body temperature, chills, headache, vomiting, and unevenly distributed rashes on the skin and mucous membranes. In severe cases, severe headache, frequent jet vomiting, photophobia, mania, pain at the back of the neck, neck straightening and other symptoms may occur, and if not rescued in time, death can occur within 24 hours. Nowadays is the high incidence of respiratory diseases and infectious diseases, we should keep indoor ventilation, pay attention to personal hygiene, bedding, daily necessities and utensils should be diligently exposed to the sun. In addition, children under 15 years old should be vaccinated with influenza vaccine under the guidance of the health epidemic prevention department, and elderly people aged 50D60 can get pneumonia vaccine or influenza vaccine to increase their resistance to diseases. Clinical manifestations of epidemic encephalomyelitis Influenza is most common in children during the winter and spring seasons and in endemic areas; some patients have an obvious history of close contact 7 days before the onset of the disease. The clinical manifestations are: 1. sudden chills, high fever, nausea, vomiting, runny nose, nasal congestion, sore throat, generalized pain, and worsening headache; 2. pale face, cold extremities, florid skin with scattered small bleeding spots, perilabial and finger end bruises, and perilabial herpes simplex; 3. irritability, delirium, coma, or convulsions; 4. skin and mucosal petechiae typical or fused into petechiae, with markedly decreased blood pressure, fine pulse, and reduced pulse pressure; 5. strong neck and fever; and 6. The onset of the disease is atypical in young children, with high fever, vomiting, lethargy, extreme restlessness and convulsions, refusal of breast milk, screaming, diarrhea, coughing, double vision, cervical ankylosis, and positive Brønsted’s sign. Other signs of meningeal stimulation may be absent. A bulging fontanelle is seen in those with unclosed fontanelles, and a sunken fontanelle may be seen in those with frequent vomiting and water loss. What diseases need to be diagnosed differently from influenza 1, epidemic encephalitis B: summer and autumn epidemic, the onset is concentrated in July, August, September, different from influenza. There is no skin rash. The cerebrospinal fluid is clear in appearance, with leukocytes in the range of 50 to 500×106/L, rarely exceeding 1000×106/L. Neutrophils predominate in the early stage (2-5 days), and lymphocytes predominate later; sugar and chloride are normal or slightly increased. 2, secondary meningitis: severe infections such as typhoid fever, lobar pneumonia, sepsis caused by other bacteria with significant toxemia, can produce neurological symptoms and signs of meningeal irritation, cerebrospinal fluid, except for increased pressure, generally no other changes. 3, viral meningitis: a variety of viruses can cause meningitis, symptoms are generally mild, mostly recovered within 2 weeks, cerebrospinal fluid examination, normal appearance, white blood cell count mostly within 1000 × 106/L, generally between 50-100 × 106/L or 200 × 106/L, lymphocytes up to 90-100%. Sugar and chloride are normal. Protein is slightly increased. No bacterial findings on smear and culture. Peripheral blood leukocytes are not high. 4, toxic dysentery: the onset is more urgent, the beginning of high fever, convulsions occur earlier, some patients have pus and blood stool, such as no stool, available saline enema, fecal specimens left for microscopic examination, can find pus cells. 5, tuberculous meningitis: patients with poor health before the onset of the disease, may be found in the lung tuberculosis lesions, positive tuberculin test, cerebrospinal fluid containing sugar and chloride decreased, high protein content, placed after the film can be formed, sometimes smear antacid staining, can detect tuberculosis bacteria. 6, purulent meningitis: other parts of the patient’s body may be accompanied by purulent lesions or hemorrhagic spots. The cerebrospinal fluid is cloudy or purulent, the white blood cell count is more than 2×109/L, there are a lot of pus cells, and the pathogenic bacteria can be detected by smear or bacterial culture. 7, mumps meningoencephalitis: most have a history of contact with mumps patients, mostly occurring in winter and spring, check for swelling of the parotid glands. If the swelling of the parotid gland is not obvious, blood and urine amylase can be measured. The main points of prevention and control are fivefold: 1. We must do a good job of monitoring influenza, ensuring efficient operation of the surveillance network in the district, ensuring early detection of patients, early diagnosis, early reporting and early treatment. 2, to seriously do a good job of epidemiological investigation of cases and epidemic site treatment, to ensure the implementation of preventive and control measures, and strive not to appear the renewal of cases. 3. The investigation and treatment of close contacts must be done carefully. Emergency vaccination must be implemented for all close contacts of the patient and for unimmunized children under 15 years old in the surrounding population. 4. Patient specimens must be collected and diagnosed in a serious and timely manner. 5. Health education for the population in schools, childcare institutions and communities where high-risk groups gather (such as construction sites, factories with large mobile populations, etc.) must be done carefully to mobilize the whole society to actively and proactively take preventive measures against respiratory infectious diseases and prevent unnecessary panic. The target of catch-up vaccination for influenza The target of catch-up vaccination for influenza is: 1. infants and children aged 6 months to 2 years should receive 2 doses of meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine, group A, with an interval of not less than 3 months. 2. children aged 2 to 6 years who have not received influenza vaccine according to the immunization program should receive 1 dose of influenza vaccine, group A or group A+C. In the event of an outbreak, emergency vaccination will be administered, and Group A or Group A+C influenza vaccine should be selected according to the flora causing the outbreak, with the following targets: 1. 1 dose of influenza vaccine will be administered to children over 6 months of age around the outbreak site (except for those who have received influenza vaccine within 3 months); 2. 1 dose of influenza vaccine will be given to primary and secondary school students, migrant workers and other key populations who have not received influenza vaccine within 3 years of the outbreak. Six types of people are not suitable for influenza vaccination. 1. Patients with central nervous system infection cannot be vaccinated. 2. People with a history of high fever convulsions cannot be vaccinated. 3. People with serious heart, liver and kidney diseases, especially those with organ dysfunction, cannot be vaccinated. 4. People with mental system diseases and psychiatric disorders cannot be inoculated. 5. Those with a history of allergies, including drug and food allergies, cannot be vaccinated. Be sure to tell your doctor if you have a history of allergies before getting the flu vaccine. 6. If you have a fever or are in the acute phase of a disease, you should not receive the influenza vaccine, and you can wait until you recover before getting the vaccination. At present, there are specific preventive measures for influenza, scientific and reliable diagnostic means and effective treatment methods for influenza pathogens, so people do not need to talk about it at all. Healthy people can also carry influenza bacteria. Even in areas with severe epidemics, this percentage is usually less than 10%. Of these carriers, only a very small percentage actually develop the disease and become patients with rheumatic encephalitis. Clinical trials have confirmed that if patients with rheumatic encephalitis receive symptomatic and effective treatment, the germs in the nasopharynx of most patients will completely disappear within 24 hours and the germs in the body will eventually be completely killed. However, because influenza is an infectious disease, patients with influenza need to be hospitalized and isolated. The influenza can be divided into several groups, such as A, B, C and Y, according to the serotype of the causative organism. Historically, it is common in China to have group A rheumatoid. This year, it is still the type that appears more frequently in China, while in Anhui, the group C flu, which is more common in North America and Oceania in recent years, has appeared. Since China has already developed the A + C compound vaccine in advance, and there is almost no difference between group C and group A in terms of pathogenicity, clinical manifestations, treatment and prognosis, group C flu is completely preventable and treatable. From the statistical data, although the epidemic of influenza in China has fluctuated since the 1960s, it has generally shown a significant downward trend, especially in the last few years when it has maintained a low incidence rate of about 2 per million. At present, the domestic epidemic is generally normal, with individual provinces experiencing a local increase in cases, which used to occur almost every year and cannot be the basis for this year’s national outbreak of rheumatic encephalitis. Generally speaking, the annual influenza disease starts in December with a gradual increase in disseminated cases, reaching a peak in March and April of the following year. If the relevant departments and the public take effective measures to actively prevent and control the disease, it is possible to contain the epidemic. For health prevention and medical departments, on the one hand, they should do adequate and detailed prevention and control work, and on the other hand, while increasing the transparency of information, they should also strengthen the guidance to the public and mass media. At the same time, the role of public health experts needs to be further exploited. The public should develop good habits such as opening windows frequently, washing hands regularly and gargling with light salt water, correcting bad habits such as spitting, blowing nose indiscriminately and sneezing without covering, strengthening physical exercise, working and resting on time, and going to less crowded and confined places.