Cholecystectomy is currently the main treatment modality for gallbladder stones and gallbladder polyp disease. In recent years, many scholars have found a phenomenon and doubts that gallbladder resection patients account for a large proportion of colon cancer cases: European scholars have concluded after clinical research that the risk of colon cancer after gallbladder resection is significantly higher than that of unresected patients; some studies have found that patients with gallbladder resection for more than 10 years have significantly higher ratios of colorectal tumors and cancer than unresected patients. Is this a coincidence or is there some kind of association between the two? As we know, the gallbladder has the function of concentrating, storing and emptying bile. Normally, most of the bile secreted by the liver is stored in the gallbladder, and the function of bile is to emulsify fat and promote fat absorption. After we eat, especially after eating food containing a lot of fat, the gallbladder will contract and discharge the stored bile into the intestine to play the role of digestion and absorption. If the gallbladder is removed, the bile secreted by the liver has no place to be stored, so the bile will enter the intestine directly day and night, and the bile will be decomposed by the bacteria in the intestine to produce secondary bile acids. The high concentration of secondary bile acids is transformed into methylcholanthrene by the action of intestinal bacteria and primary bile acids, which has a strong carcinogenic effect. The long-term exposure of colonic mucosa to higher concentration of methylcholanthrene may significantly increase the incidence of colorectal cancer. According to many western research data, this process of becoming cancerous takes about 10~15 years or more. However, some researchers are opposed to the idea and have observed thousands of patients who had gallbladder removal and those who had not undergone such surgery and found that the chances of colorectal cancer were similar in both types of people. Thus, to date, it is not possible to say with certainty that patients who have had a cholecystectomy are more likely to develop colorectal cancer. Although there is no evidence from evidence-based medicine that clearly demonstrates the relationship between gallbladder removal and the prevalence of colorectal cancer. However, it is recommended that those patients who have had their gallbladder removed, especially those who are over 40 years old and have had their gallbladder removed for more than 5 years, should preferably visit the hospital for a colonoscopy once every 2-3 years. This is because colonoscopy can not only help detect colorectal lesions, but also minimally invasive treatment of benign lesions and early tumors in the intestine under endoscopy. In addition, it is very necessary to have a regular diet and pay attention to the changes in the shape of the stool and the presence of bleeding. At the same time, we should not be afraid of the occurrence of colorectal cancer after gallbladder removal, and then we should not make a mistake to choose other treatment options. Biliary lithotripsy is a treatment modality that patients often ask me about. Biliary lithotripsy was a popular procedure in the 80s and 90s, but later proved to be recurrent in about 90% of people with stones and increased the risk of subsequent laparoscopic cholecystectomy; for stones, pharmacological lithotripsy is even more difficult, and lithotripsy and stone removal can easily lead to obstructive jaundice (for related knowledge, see the author’s ” ” published in the past). Therefore, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is still the main and effective treatment for gallbladder polyps and stones. We need to understand cholecystectomy rationally and correctly, and what we need to do is to strictly control the indications for cholecystectomy surgery and not to kill indiscriminately.