Hyperthyroidism (referred to as hyperthyroidism) is a general term for a number of disorders caused by excessive synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones in the body, with increased excitability and hyper-metabolism in the nervous, circulatory and digestive systems. Clinically, diffuse goiter with hyperthyroidism (Graves’ disease) is the most common, followed by nodular goiter with hyperthyroidism and subacute thyroiditis. The following is an overview of diffuse goiter with hyperthyroidism (Graves’ disease). 1. Clinical manifestations with diagnostic significance are especially noted, such as fear of heat, excessive sweating, agitation, hyperactivity with wasting, tachycardia at rest, specific eye signs, and enlarged thyroid gland. If vascular murmurs and tremors are found in the thyroid gland, it will have more diagnostic significance. In general, T3, rT3 and T4 blood concentrations are increased in patients with hyperthyroidism, and the increase in T3 is more obvious than that in T4. The cause of this disease is unknown, so there is no etiologic treatment. The main treatment is to control the hypermetabolic syndrome and remove the factors that are unfavorable to the disease, such as mental stress. In the early stage of treatment, appropriate rest and various supportive therapies should be provided, and adequate calories and nutrients, such as sugar, protein and various vitamins, should be supplemented to correct the depletion caused by the disease. The main drugs used to treat hyperthyroidism are thioureas, including thioxapyrimidines and imidazoles. Methimazole (Tabazol) and propylthiouracil (PTU) are commonly used in China. The mechanism of action of thioureas is mainly to inhibit thyroid peroxidase activity and block tyrosine iodination, thus inhibiting the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Generally, patients with hyperthyroidism need 2 to 4 weeks after taking the drugs to show a reduction in clinical symptoms. If a large amount of iodine is retained in the patient’s body before treatment, the synthesis and reserve of thyroid hormone increases, resulting in a longer onset of action of antithyroid drugs. In terms of drug mechanism of action, propylthiouracil (PTU) has the effect of inhibiting the conversion of T4 to T3 in peripheral tissues. Therefore, many physicians prefer propylthiouracil (PTU). In clinical practice, methimazole (Tabazol) is more effective. Therefore, methimazole (tapazole) can be the drug of choice. The drug treatment process can be roughly divided into 3 stages: 1, symptom control stage: generally need 1 to 3 months, the dose of methimazole (tabazol) 30-40mg per day, or propylthiouracil (PTU) 300-400mg, divided into 3 to 4 times. To reduce the symptoms, especially the rapid heart rate, can be added propranolol (insulin) and other β-blocking drugs, in the beginning of the treatment of 2 to 4 weeks because the effect of antithyroid drugs has not yet become effective, most patients need to take propranolol-type drugs. 2, drug dose decreasing phase: generally need 2 to 3 months. When the basic remission of clinical symptoms and thyroid function tests TT3, FT3, TT4, FT4 back to normal, you can start to reduce the drug. The dose of methimazole (Tabazol) 5mg or propylthiouracil (PTU) 50mg can be reduced once a month in most patients while maintaining clinical remission and normal thyroid function. to prevent overdose of anti-thyroid drugs leading to hypothyroidism and also to help prevent enlargement of the thyroid gland during treatment. 3. Maintenance phase: The maintenance dose is usually 5-15mg of methimazole (Tabazol) or 50-150mg of propylthiouracil (PTU) per day, for most patients 5mg of methimazole (Tabazol) or 50mg of propylthiouracil (PTU), 2 times/d. The maintenance dose is too small and the recurrence rate of hyperthyroidism increases. At this stage, thyroid powder tablets or levothyroxine are also continued at the same dose in principle until discontinuation of the drug. Patients should be given proper rest. A reasonable diet with high calories, high protein, high vitamin and low iodine is needed. In addition to avoiding seafood such as kelp and seaweed with high iodine content, the diet should also avoid warm and dry foods such as chili, onion, cinnamon, ginger and mutton, and avoid strong tea, coffee, nicotine and stimulating drinks. Hyperthyroidism patients can often eat peanuts, soursop and other foods that inhibit the synthesis of thyroxine; those with fire can use watermelon, beans, celery, goldenseal and other cool foods; those with yin deficiency can use foods that nourish yin, such as fungus, mulberry, turtle, duck, etc. Those with spleen deficiency can use foods that strengthen the spleen and stop diarrhea, such as yam, gorgonian, apple, jujube, mustard, etc. Eat foods with high potassium content, and also foods rich in calcium and phosphorus should be consumed. Limit food fiber, should eat less bran, cabbage, apples, carrots and other foods that contain a lot of food fiber. Patients should follow the doctor’s advice, take the medication on time and in the right amount, do not stop the medication or change the dosage at will, and obtain the doctor’s consent when you need to reduce or increase the dosage and other medications to avoid accidents. Regularly go to the endocrinology department for review and adjustment of drug dosage, and seek medical consultation in time for new discomfort. Mental stimulation is a common cause of the disease, and the symptoms are often aggravated by worry, emotional disturbance and mental tension. Therefore, patients with hyperthyroidism should pay attention to the regulation of emotions, cultivate their body and mind, do not get angry when things happen, meditate and recuperate, often listen to elegant and beautiful music, cultivate the habit of planting flowers, fish and birds, etc., in order to enjoy their emotions, quiet their spirit and gradually eliminate mental symptoms. If hyperthyroidism patients are impatient, family members and colleagues should be sympathetic, understanding and concerned, and avoid direct conflicts.