Amblyopia is a common childhood eye disease, and about 3% of preschool and school-age children suffer from amblyopia, which means that among more than 300 million children in China, there are about 10 million amblyopic children, which shows that amblyopia is a rather serious health problem for children. At present, it has caused great concern among parents and ophthalmologists. So, what is amblyopia? Amblyopia is a condition in which the eye examination is normal but the vision in one or both eyes is not normal, and the vision cannot reach above 0.9 even with glasses. The mechanism of amblyopia is very complex, and most of them are formed due to the obstruction of the normal development of visual function. The greatest danger of amblyopia is the lack of fine stereoscopic vision The greatest danger of amblyopia is that children with amblyopia not only have low vision in both eyes or one eye, but also often do not have perfect binocular vision, no fine stereoscopic vision, no sense of depth when going down stairs, no sense of stereo when looking at a microscope, etc. This will directly affect higher education. This will directly affect college entrance exams and career choices, affecting one’s future. In addition, amblyopia often causes strabismus, which affects the aesthetics and physical and mental development of children. Experts generally believe that amblyopia is more harmful than myopia because myopia can reach normal vision with corrective glasses and does not require other treatments. Amblyopia, on the other hand, if not treated in a timely manner (glasses and amblyopia training), the vision of the affected eye will be permanently impaired. Therefore, early detection and treatment is the key. How can early detection be achieved? Checking vision is the best way to detect amblyopia early Checking vision is the best way to detect amblyopia early. In our experience, children over the age of 3.5 years old can basically cooperate with a vision chart vision check. Parents should teach the child to recognize the chart before the first vision check to try to avoid errors during the vision check. Children should have their vision checked every six months or once a year. If vision is found to be lower than 0.8 to 0.9 or if there is a difference of more than two lines in the vision of both eyes, they should go to the hospital for further examination. Doctors can make a correct diagnosis only after doing dilated eye examinations for children with poor vision. Children with strabismus should be treated early and should not believe in the false statement that they will be treated when they grow up. Because strabismus patients as adults, even surgery can only make both eyes to achieve the right position, while amblyopia but missed the time for treatment and left permanent regret. In addition, in order to detect pediatric amblyopia at an early stage, parents should closely observe their children for strabismus, head tilting or eye shaking. If any of these conditions are present, they should see an ophthalmologist promptly. Once a child is diagnosed with amblyopia, many parents first think of medication, but there is no proven medication for amblyopia treatment. Parents should immediately provide their children with glasses and insist on wearing them every day, never taking them off when they are worn; they should have an annual dilated eye exam and replace them in time if they are not suitable. In addition, various amblyopia training should be carried out under the guidance of the doctor, such as the training of amblyopia treatment device; usually let the child do more fine work, such as threading beads, tracing, etc. Parents must follow the doctor’s requirements, let the child cooperate with the treatment, do not be afraid of trouble, and affect the training effect, or even training failure. So some parents ask: what will happen if amblyopia is not treated? We can say for sure that amblyopia cannot be cured without treatment. Amblyopia should not only be treated, but also be treated in a timely manner. In terms of visual development, children’s visual development is plastic before the age of 12, and there is little chance of recovering vision if amblyopia is treated after the age of 12. 3 years old is the critical period for the treatment of amblyopia in children, and 3 to 8 years old is the sensitive period for treatment. In short, the earlier amblyopia is treated, the better.