Ventricular fibrillation, also known clinically as ventricular fibrillation, is a malignant and fatal arrhythmia in which the patient suffers loss of consciousness, convulsions, respiratory arrest, or even death. It is often caused by ischemic heart disease or antiarrhythmic drugs, such as those that can cause prolonged QT intervals or tip-twisting ventricular tachycardia. Severe hypoxia, ischemia, pre-excitation syndrome combined with atrial fibrillation, rapid ventricular rate, and electric shock injury can all lead to the development of ventricular fibrillation. The recurrence rate of ventricular fibrillation without acute myocardial infarction is very high. Once ventricular fibrillation occurs, electrical defibrillation can be given immediately, amiodarone drugs can be applied, epinephrine can be used for treatment during resuscitation, and intravenous beta-blockers, such as esmolol, can be considered for refractory ventricular fibrillation.