The Perfection Standard of Breasts Since mankind entered the era of art and civilization, women’s breasts are no longer purely a manifestation of sexual characteristics, not to mention that they will not stay in the simple function of breastfeeding. Whether it is the statues of women under the hands of the ancient Greek sculpture artists or the beautiful goddesses of Renaissance painters’ brushstrokes, it can be seen that people are eager to have the perfect breasts. There is no doubt that fullness is the preferred condition for the perfect breast, but other factors such as elasticity, rounded and smooth curves, etc., are also factors that have to be taken into account. According to human proportions and anatomical principles, the following criteria have been proposed for the ideal breast: 1. Plump, well-proportioned, supple and elastic. The advantage of young women in this regard is particularly obvious, their breasts are solid, firm, in the process of movement will produce a sense of elasticity to maintain the leap; with the increase in age (or breastfeeding), the breasts tend to begin to sag, flaccid. 2. The distance between the two nipples is greater than 20 centimeters, the diameter of the basal surface of the breast is 10 to 12 centimeters, and the breast axis (the height from the basal surface to the nipple) is 5 to 6 centimeters. These figures are the key factors in determining the size of the breasts, and they are also the goals that many breast augmentation surgeons aspire to. 3. Smooth lines and hemispherical shape. A beautiful breast must have a rounded arc. If the breast axis is too short (less than 1/2 of the diameter of the basal surface of the breast), it will appear flat, showing a bowl-like shape and lacking a sense of firmness; some people’s breasts are firm, but because the breast axis is too long (greater than 1/2 of the diameter of the basal surface of the breast), it will be pointed and towering, giving the impression of a similar cone shape. 4, breast position is high, between the second to sixth ribs, nipple is located near the fourth rib. Precisely because it is the ideal standard, naturally not everyone can achieve, people also in the support of science and technology continue to develop new breast augmentation technology. From paraffin injection at the beginning of the last century to the later implant filling and free fat transplantation, there are more and more methods, but the problems that come with them are also increasing. Injectable breast augmentation: the invisible killer of breasts Appearance time: the beginning of the last century The material used: paraffin → liquid silicone → hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel (artificial fat) Industry evaluation: easy to cause a variety of complications, high risk, Europe, the United States, Japan and South Korea, and other developed countries in the cosmetic industry has banned the use of plastic surgery. Risks: toxic leakage leading to complications Injectable breast augmentation is the earliest breast augmentation surgery, paraffin wax is the earliest use of injection materials, but the complications caused by it are quite terrible: due to embolism caused by the local black, inflammation, necrosis, paraffin wax diffusion to form paraffin tumor, and so on, and some will even occur serious cancer. In the 1950s, some surgeons began to try to replace paraffin with liquid silicone, but unfortunately similar complications occurred. As a result, these two liquid materials were gradually abandoned by the medical profession, and the material currently used for breast augmentation injections is “hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel” (HPAG), which is often referred to as “artificial fat”. Originally used as a bacterial culture medium, HPAG was applied to breast augmentation in 1987 and then introduced to China through Ukraine. This method of breast augmentation is easy to operate, as long as the HPAG is injected into the gap between the breast gland and the pectoralis major muscle, but the technical requirements of physicians are quite high – the material can only be injected into the gap position, if the muscle, it will lead to aseptic myositis; if the breast gland, it will produce hard knots, and what is even more frightening is that once the material is injected, it can not be completely removed. Worse still, once injected, the material cannot be completely removed, and if the degree of necrosis is serious, the whole breast has to be removed. Because the industry has been debating the side effects of this material, Europe, the United States, Japan and South Korea and other developed countries have issued a blocking order on this method, and at present, only Ukraine and other countries are still more often used. Our country in January 1999 has also requested a moratorium on the use of the same year in April, although lifted the ban, but the requirements must be three class A (hospital classification in the highest level) of the hospital can operate the operation. Trap: the name of the title of the autologous fat, the practice of artificial fat in some informal medical institutions, although the physician claimed to be the operator’s autologous fat pumped out and then injected into the breast, but often steal the dragon and turn the phoenix, replaced by artificial fat. These physicians simply do not have the qualifications and ability to operate artificial fat injections for breast augmentation, which often leads to the serious consequences mentioned above, and also makes the lawsuits about breast augmentation surgery continue to be filed. Fat transplantation: more injected, less survived Time of emergence: the end of the last century and the beginning of this century Material used: autologous fat (common extraction sites: abdomen, buttocks, legs, waist and back) Industry evaluation: simple operation, 100% non-toxic, but the fat survival rate is limited, is not suitable for breast augmentation surgery for larger volumes. Fatal drawback: low survival rate of transplanted fat Autologous fat transplantation is similar to injectable breast augmentation surgery, which involves extracting fat cells from other parts of the body and injecting them into the breasts to achieve the effect of breast augmentation. Undoubtedly, transplanted fat has zero toxicity to the human body, which is why it was once the favored method of breast augmentation for many surgeons. However, it has a fatal drawback: transplanted fat cannot survive 100%, and the larger the volume of the transplanted fat, the lower the chance of survival. After fat is transplanted from other parts of the body to the breast, there must be enough nutrients to slowly combine with the surrounding tissue environment. The larger the volume of transplanted fat, the more nutrients are needed, and once there is insufficient nutrients, some of the fat cells will shrivel up and become necrotic. Depending on the individual’s physical condition, the survival ability of fat will also vary. Generally speaking, only about 50% of the transplanted 100 ml of fat can survive, and if it exceeds 200 ml, the survival rate is usually no more than 40%. Therefore, doctors believe that fat grafting is more suitable for lip augmentation, facial augmentation and other small-volume surgeries, and if it is really to be used for breast augmentation, it is recommended that the amount injected each time should not be more than 50 milliliters – which means that if you want to augment a 200-milliliter breast, you will need to undergo at least four surgeries. Pitfall 1: Choose your liposuction carefully Just because the fat extracted is 100 percent safe doesn’t mean the fat extracted is 100 percent usable. Many people prefer to have both liposuction and breast augmentation at the same time, so they can kill two birds with one stone. However, it is important to be aware of the type of liposuction used by your physician during this process. If you use resonance, ultrasound, electronic, laser and other liposuction methods, the human body fat will be destroyed, so that the viability of the extracted fat is almost zero; only through the negative pressure technology extracted fat, can then be used to augment the breast. Therefore, if a doctor adopts the liposuction method that destroys fat and claims to use autologous fat for breast augmentation, he is likely to use artificial fat. Trap 2: The effect of fullness is short-lived Some operators do not understand the limited survival capacity of transplanted fat. If the doctor does not communicate with the operator beforehand and injects a large amount of fat into the breasts at one time, in the short period of time after the operation, although the breasts can achieve the effect of fullness (sometimes the effect is even better than that of other types of breast augmentation), with the prolongation of time, some of the fat will start to atrophy and necrotic, and the breasts will also gradually shrink. Usually, part of the fat that cannot survive will be absorbed by the body, while the other part may also harden and turn into fat knots, which are similar to a small breast tumor to the touch, and then surgery must be performed again to remove these fat knots. Breast implant filling: the most reasonable way of breast augmentation at present Time of emergence: the middle of the last century Materials used: silicone gel implant, saline bag implant Industry evaluation: by far the highest success rate and safety of breast augmentation. Precautions: Reasonable selection of surgical incisions and placement of implants The so-called breast augmentation with filler implants is a surgical method that uses artificial implants to support the breasts. The first filler material used was gel sponge, but after long-term implantation, gel sponge tends to harden and shrink. 1963, silicone gel implants began clinical application, and has been used since then. Since the incision is necessary, naturally it will not be done with a needle like injectable breast augmentation, and the location of the incision and implant placement must be chosen wisely. There are three choices of incision: armpit, areola, and the lower edge of the breast. The incision at the lower edge of the breast is done more by Europeans, because Europeans have larger breasts, and a slight sagging of the breasts after surgery can cover the wound; Asian skin elasticity is better than that of Europeans, and the pigmentation is deeper than that of Europeans, and the skin is prone to scarring, so Asians are less likely to use this incision. The axillary and areola incisions should be chosen according to the position of the implant filling – if the implant is placed behind the pectoralis major muscle, the axillary incision should be chosen; if the implant is placed in the space between the mammary gland and the pectoralis major muscle, the areola incision should be chosen. Generally speaking, if the patient’s breasts are flat and underdeveloped, it is recommended to place the implant behind the pectoralis major muscle, so that the implant will be separated from the outside world by two layers of tissue, the mammary gland and the pectoralis major muscle, which is safer; if the mammary gland itself is more developed, and the breasts only appear to be sagging after childbirth, breastfeeding (or age), the implant should be placed in the gap behind the mammary gland, so that the mammary gland will be supported. Risks: Hardening of the implant wrapping layer The human body’s own protective function can produce a rejection reaction to foreign substances, so when the implant is placed in the body, a membrane will form around it, wrapping the implant completely. This membrane protects the surrounding tissues of the breast on the one hand, and prevents the implant from shifting on the other. In some cases where the reaction is particularly pronounced and the membrane is thicker, the membrane will slowly harden and the implant will have to be replaced by another operation. However, these implants can be completely removed without causing breast necrosis, so naturally, there is no need to worry about removing the entire breast, as is the case with injectable breast augmentation when lesions occur. Comparison of the performance of the two types of implants: Silicone gel implant Advantages: 1. No leakage. This implant is a fully closed structure, so there is no need to worry about material leakage after filling into the body. 2. Good hand feeling. The material is about 95% water and 5% silicone, so it is also called hydrogel, which is flexible and easy to mold. Disadvantages: safety to be demonstrated. 1993, the U.S. medical community because of the prosthesis triggered a strong debate, some people believe that it will increase the incidence of breast cancer, and once banned the use of. However, there is no evidence that it directly causes breast cancer, so even though the debate has lasted 11 years, the implant has been used ever since. Saline bag prosthesis Pros: 100% non-toxic. This implant is filled with saline, so even if it leaks, it is completely absorbed by the body and does not cause any harm. Disadvantages: 1. Easy to leak. The prosthesis has a valve, after the prosthesis is placed in the body, and then the saline is injected through the valve, over time, the possibility of valve leakage will increase. 2. poor feel. The feel is similar to a plastic bag filled with water, and the elasticity is relatively poor. Breast augmentation implants six big mystery to solve the problem Filling implants is currently the most medically recognized way of breast augmentation, but exactly how to augment, augmented after the breast into what kind of, we still have a lot of mystery in mind. Mystery 1: Can you make your breasts as big as Jordan’s? Models like Jordan and Alicia, huge breasts are already their symbol, but not everyone can be augmented to such a size. The size of the implant filler should take into account the breast skin’s ability to withstand, the breast itself is larger, the skin elasticity is better, the greater the scope of the augmentation can be, just like blowing up a balloon, the larger the balloon, the higher the number of times of expansion. European and American women generally have larger breasts than Asians, and can often be augmented to a larger size. For Asians, the general fill volume is 175 to 250 milliliters (equivalent to a bag of pouched milk). To be more specific, a standard weight person (not too fat or too thin) with a height of less than 1.6 meters should choose an implant of 140 to 160 milliliters; between 1.6 and 1.7 meters, it is appropriate to use an implant of about 180 to 200 milliliters; if the height is more than 1.7 meters, it is possible to choose an implant of more than 200 milliliters. Because Asians have a limited degree of expandability, many people undergo breast augmentation for sagging breasts after childbirth to make them firm. Mystery 2: Does the breast augmentation feel different from natural breasts? The feel is firstly related to the filler material, silicone gel elasticity is greatly superior to saline bags. However, since the fillers are under the breast, the hand directly touches the breast itself, so the final determinant of the feel is still the innate condition of the breast, and generally speaking there is no significant difference in the surface feel. If the mammary glands themselves are more developed, the elasticity will be better; if the breasts themselves are flatter, the degree to which the hand feels the muscle and the implant will increase, and they tend to feel firmer. Mystery 3: Is it really possible to augment the rounded curves of a hemisphere? The size of the innate mammary glands will likewise affect the shape of the breasts after augmentation, and what was originally too flat tends to favor a bowl shape after augmentation as well. However, the position of the implants can be adjusted during breast augmentation to bring them closer to the center, which can help shape the cleavage. Mystery 4: Can I still breastfeed after breast augmentation? The position of the implant, whether behind the pectoralis major muscle or in the post-mammary space, will not affect the mammary glands themselves, so physiologically speaking, women after breast augmentation can also breastfeed normally. However, after breastfeeding, the mammary glands will be contracted and deformed, and it is difficult to maintain the shape of the original augmentation, so the doctor suggests that women who have undergone breast augmentation surgery should not breastfeed. Mystery 5: Will sleeping on my stomach burst the implants? After the surgery, it is better to reduce excessive physical exercise and sexual life, and try to sleep on the back to avoid displacement of the implant. One month after the basic normal life, and do not have to worry about the pressure burst prosthesis, because a normal weight (70 kg or so) of people, a single foot on the prosthesis generated by the pressure, will not lead to prosthesis burst, sleep on your back even more do not need to worry too much. Mystery 6: Are the low-cost breast augmentation advertisements reliable? Some informal medical institutions often put up low-priced slogans of several thousand dollars for breast augmentation, but they are likely to be illegally carrying out injectable breast augmentation and should not be easily believed. Formal hospitals usually use breast implants, which are also more expensive. Domestic implants usually cost about 8,000 yuan, and oral implants cost between 12,000 and 20,000 yuan depending on the material.