Most pregnant women develop oedema in both lower limbs and feet in late pregnancy, mainly caused by obstruction of reflux due to the enlarged uterus compressing the veins in the lower limbs, reduced plasma colloid osmotic pressure during pregnancy and the effect of oestrogen on sodium and water retention. If the pregnant woman then fails to take vitamin D supplements, this may lead to osteoporosis causing foot and bone pain, which is usually aggravated by prolonged standing and weight bearing activities.