In summer, due to the hot weather, people tend to dress less and expose a lot of skin, so the chance of burns and scalds in daily life also increases accordingly. When a burn or scald occurs accidentally, if you can take timely and correct self-help measures, you can greatly reduce the severity of the burn or scald. So, how to take timely self-help measures to minimize the degree of injury? After years of clinical practice and summed up: one off, two cold, three cover, four send the four elements of emergency treatment. Take off that is as soon as possible to take off the fire or boiling liquid impregnated clothing, especially chemical fiber clothing. The purpose of doing so is to avoid the fire clothes or clothes on the hot liquid continue to act, so that the trauma increased and deepened. However, if the clothing and wounds stick together, do not forcefully tear off, so as not to aggravate the wound, can be cut first with scissors, and then take off the clothes. Cold that is, cold therapy, is the most effective and economic first aid means of early burns. After the burn, burns timely cold therapy, can prevent the heat continues to act on the trauma to deepen, and can reduce pain, reduce exudation and edema. After the injury should be carried out as soon as possible, the earlier the effect is better. The method is to drench the burn and scald trauma with tap water or immerse it in water (water temperature to the injured person can bear, generally 15-20 ℃, hot days can add some ice in the water), also can be used cold (ice) water soaked towels, gauze pads and other compresses on the trauma. There is no clear limit to the duration of cold therapy, and it usually takes 0.5 to 1 hour until the pain is no longer severe after cold therapy. Cold therapy is generally applicable to small and medium-sized burns, especially those of the extremities; if the burns and scalds are large, it is not necessary to soak for too long to avoid hypothermia or delay in treatment. Cover that protect the trauma surface, try not to break the blisters. Use clean sheets, cloths, gauze, etc., to cover the injured area. Be careful not to apply sesame oil, soy sauce, toothpaste, soap, grass ash, etc. to the injured area, because this is not only ineffective, but also easy to cause infection. Also do not apply certain colored drugs such as gentian violet, red mercury, etc., so as not to affect the judgment and treatment of the depth of the wound by medical personnel. Send the patient to a regular hospital for treatment. Except for shallow burns and scalds of very small size that can be taken care of by yourself, it is best to send to a nearby hospital as soon as possible for further wound treatment, and if the injury is serious and requires hospitalization, it is best to send to a burn specialist with good facilities and experience. On the way to the hospital, if the injured person is thirsty, you can give a small amount of light salt water to drink several times, prohibit simply drinking plain water or sugar water. Summer is the season of high incidence of burns and other accidents. In addition to the usual safety awareness, it is necessary to enhance self-help awareness and the ability to deal with them in a timely manner to reduce the damage to the maximum possible.