Possible causes of frequent urination and incontinence: 1. If the patient is a male and has frequent urination and uncontrollable urinary incontinence, then consider that it is caused by chronic urinary retention due to prostate hyperplasia, or excessive residual urine in the bladder due to prostate hyperplasia. Because when the urethra is compressed due to glandular enlargement, the urine expelled by the patient only accounts for a small portion of the urine in the bladder, and a large amount of urine is retained within the bladder, and the patient then needs to go to urinate several times to empty the bladder. When a certain amount of urine is stored within the bladder, the bladder is in a state of complete filling, at which time the urine produced by the kidneys will enter the bladder again and produce incontinence due to filling. It is recommended that a urological ultrasound be performed and that residual urine be measured by ultrasound. If the ultrasound measurement of residual urine exceeds 100 ml or more, then urinary retention due to prostatic hyperplasia needs to be considered. Treatment requires indwelling catheterization and surgery after controlling the infection.2. If a female patient has frequent urination and urinary incontinence, it may be acute urge incontinence due to urinary tract infection. When the infection occurs, the bladder mucosa is congested, edematous, and has increased sensitivity, and the patient may experience significant urinary frequency. When a certain amount of urine is stored slightly in the bladder, an urgent urge to urinate can occur, and incontinence can occur even when it is too late to go to the bathroom. Routine urine examination is required, and if the infection is clear, recovery can be achieved with anti-infection treatment.