After you or your family members have undergone gastrointestinal surgery, please pay attention to the following matters: 1. Coughing up sputum by patting the back: Lung infection after surgery is the most common complication, and sputum accumulation in the lungs will cause fever, and in severe cases, lead to respiratory failure. Patients are usually reluctant to cough up sputum because of wound pain or fatigue, after each nebulized inhalation, back patting must be carried out for 5-10 minutes, and the patient is required to cough and cough up sputum behind the back patting. When coughing up sputum, push the two sides of the wound to the center, which can reduce the pain when coughing up sputum. 2.Drainage tube care: Abdominal drainage tube is the patient’s lifeline after surgery, if the drainage tube is blocked or dislodged, it will affect the patient’s postoperative recovery. Squeeze the drain tube 6 times a day to prevent blockage; observe the amount and nature of the drain tube, normal drainage fluid is light bloody fluid, if the drainage of blood or fecal material need to notify the medical staff in time; in bed and on the ground activities need to look at the location of the drain tube before moving to prevent unintentional pulling out. Early bed activity: Gastrointestinal surgery patients can get out of bed on the second day after surgery. Early bed activity is good for controlling lung infection and promoting the recovery of intestinal function. Ask your doctor before getting out of bed. When you get out of bed, first sit beside the bed for 5 minutes, then get down and stand beside the bed, step by step. It is better to have 2 people to support you when you get out of bed to prevent you from falling down. When you move around, you need to fix the drainage tube and urinary catheter to prevent them from coming out of the tube, and pay attention to keep warm to avoid catching a cold. 4, record drainage and vital signs: after surgery, the nurse will give each patient a table, need to be assisted by family members to record the values. Records include time, temperature, blood pressure, blood glucose, water intake, drainage, urine output. The record should be as accurate and timely as possible. Post-operative diet: After gastrointestinal surgery, patients can usually have water intake 5-7 days after surgery, and gradually increase the amount of food according to the condition, and increase the amount of food according to the order of clear liquids, fluids, and semi-liquids. Clear liquids include: clear liquids, diluted lotus root powder, radish water, noodle soup, green vegetable soup, etc., 50-100 ml each time, 6-10 times a day, liquid foods include: rice porridge, millet porridge, egg soup, steamed egg}, etc., 5-6 times a day, and semi-liquids include: noodles, wontons, meat porridge, vegetable porridge, pimple soup, braised bean curd, and stir-fried vegetables. Gas-producing foods such as milk, soy milk, and foods containing much crude fiber, such as celery, soybean sprouts, and onions should not be consumed. Dumplings, vegetable dumplings, persimmons are easy to cause intestinal obstruction prohibited. 6, wound dressing removal: routine every 3 days to change 1 time, if the wound auxiliary material exudes more should be replaced every day, should be daily observation of the wound auxiliary material with or without oozing, routine 10 days after surgery to remove the thread, if diabetic or elderly patients, the time can be appropriately prolonged, reduction suture 2 weeks after surgery to remove the thread. 7. Extraction time of gastric tube, urinary catheter and abdominal drainage tube: Gastric tube can be removed after exhausting; urinary catheter is usually removed 2-3 days after operation, and it should be intermittently clamped for 24 hours to train the bladder function and prevent urinary retention before removal. Urinary catheter can be removed 5-7 days after surgery for postoperative rectal cancer patients; abdominal drainage tube is usually removed 7-9 days after surgery when the drainage flow is less than 10ml. Postoperative pain: Usually it is wound pain, if the pain is obvious, inform the doctor and give symptomatic treatment; pain pump will affect the recovery of postoperative intestinal function, so it is not routinely installed. Postoperative fever: Reactive fever often occurs 3 days after the operation. If the daily peak temperature is decreasing and less than 38°C, symptomatic treatment is enough, but if it continues to rise and is greater than 38°C, it is necessary to find out the cause of fever. Postoperative diarrhea: the most common cause is intestinal dysfunction and intestinal flora imbalance, generally can be gradually recovered after stopping antibiotics, such as discharge of blood or tar-like stools need to promptly notify the doctor. If you have blood or tarry stool, you should notify your doctor immediately. The first bowel movement after surgery is usually black or dark red because of a small amount of bleeding from the anastomosis during the surgery, and then it will disappear gradually. Postoperative pathology: Pathology is the gold standard of diagnosis, and the next step of treatment should be decided according to the pathology results.