Myopia is a common eye disease in China, with a prevalence of about 40% in urban areas and a prevalence of nearly 50% in adolescents, which is of even greater concern. Looking at more and more children with glasses, many parents suffering from myopia are very worried about whether myopia will be hereditary. First of all, the concept of myopia is clear, the eye in the state of adjustment of stationary, equal light from 5 meters away after the eye refraction, the focus falls on the retina in front, can not accurately form a clear image on the retina, called axial myopia. The dispersed light from the near target, however, has a high degree of adaptability, and clear vision can be obtained as long as the target is moved a certain distance toward the eye. Therefore, myopic eyes see near targets clearly and see far blurred, which can be corrected with a concave spherical lens. Myopia is usually classified as low myopia (below -300 degrees), moderate myopia (-300 to -600 degrees), and high myopia (above -600 degrees). Myopia arises due to both genetic and environmental factors. The condition of the eye is genetically related and genetic factors play an important role in the onset and development of myopia, accounting for about half of the cases. Children of nearsighted parents are more likely to develop myopia. The degree of inheritance of myopia increases with the degree of progression. In general, moderate and low myopia have little or no genetic relationship, while high myopia is closely related to genetics. In a large number of family surveys, the percentage of children with myopia was significantly higher in families where both parents had myopia than in other families. Those with one parent with myopia had a medium rate of myopia in their children. Children of parents without myopia had the lowest prevalence. However, myopia is not entirely genetically determined and not all children of myopic parents have myopia. The genetic phenotype is expressed through all the genes carried in certain environmental conditions. From fetus, infancy to adulthood, the environment is always a potential contributor to myopia, e.g., nutritional deficiencies in pregnant women, premature births, and twin births all significantly increase the prevalence of myopia. In addition, acquired habits are also an important factor, such as placing toys too close to the eye during infancy, irregular life during school, poor posture in reading and writing, and too close distance, all of which can cause changes in the length of the eye and lead to myopia. Although we talked about the hereditary nature of myopia earlier, there is no need to worry too much because it is entirely possible to reduce the incidence and harm of this hereditary disease. First, children should pay attention to eye hygiene, and second, highly myopic patients, when choosing a spouse, can try to choose a woman without myopia. Once again, parents with high myopia should take good care of their fetus from pregnancy onwards, in terms of nutrition, spirituality and environment.