1. Psychological care The patient’s long-term speech and communication disorder and the delayed intellectual development of the child bring infinite pain and worries to the patient and his family. Therefore, the urgent demand for surgery and high expectation of surgery are the direct causes of unsatisfactory surgical results. Using various ways (sign language, oral, written text, etc.) to communicate with patients or directly talk to parents, we tell them that the key to improving hearing is not only the success of the surgery, but the more important issue is whether a new language environment can be rebuilt after the implantation of the electronic cochlear device, and that they should be psychologically prepared for long-term treatment. Especially children with prelingual deafness are withdrawn and paranoid, and have serious fear of surgery, which makes it difficult for them to cooperate with treatment and care. They should have more contact with the children and gain their trust through constant lip-synchronous communication so that they can accept the surgery and treatment in a good psychological state. Explain to the family members to persistently carry out psychological counselling after discharge, and help the patients to establish confidence in treating the disease correctly and rehabilitating their hearing. In short, cultivating a healthy psychological state is the key to successful surgery. 2.Preoperative nursing staff’s knowledge preparation Before surgery, fully understand the patient’s condition, discuss with the doctor the possible complications after surgery, such as damage to facial nerve, lymphatic fistula, infection, bleeding, vaginitis, non-healing wound, rejection reaction, electrode failure, etc., and learn to observe so that the nursing patient has a good idea. 3. Postoperative care (1) Observation of intracranial complications: Since the surgery is performed by inserting the electronic cochlea in the inner ear drum step, the external lymphatic fluid can be touched. For patients with inner ear malformations that cannot be detected by CT, lymphatic fistulas can occur during and after surgery; while the external lymphatic fluid in the drum step is connected to the pearl retina through the cochlear tubules, postoperative treatment by lowering cranial pressure and anti-infection can reduce the occurrence of lymphatic fistulas and prevent intracranial infections. In addition, it is more important to closely observe the patient’s basic vital signs, consciousness and pupil condition, check whether there is neck tonicity, and actively ask the patient whether he/she feels headache, nausea and other uncomfortable reactions. (2) Prevent electrode dislodgement: Fixing electrodes is the key to successful surgery, therefore, the patient needs to be absolutely bedridden for 4 days after surgery. Nursing staff should give the patient a comfortable lateral position (opposite side of the surgery); keep the ward quiet and do a good job of life care meticulously and thoughtfully; advise the patient not to do strenuous head movements and mandibular activities, and to eat a liquid or semi-liquid diet as appropriate. (3) Observation and care of extracranial complications: First, infection due to intraoperative injury or rejection of highly bionic, high-density foreign body is the main cause of infection. The occurrence of infection must be prevented by closely monitoring the change of body temperature and applying antibiotics in adequate amount. At the same time, the side effects of high doses of antibiotics should not be ignored. In addition, the oral, respiratory, and urinary tract systems should be well cared for to prevent all possible nosocomial infections. Second, surgery through the mastoid approach to the facial nerve saphenous fossa, which touches the facial nerve, may cause facial paralysis. After surgery, patients should be carefully observed for the presence of facial twitching, gaps in eyelid closure, and loss or absence of taste sensation during feeding. In addition, there are some symptoms of vertigo, nausea and vomiting due to labyrinthitis, as well as the feeling of fullness in the middle ear due to fluid accumulation in the middle ear. 4. Hearing and language rehabilitation Since the cochlear device cannot fully simulate the function of a normal human cochlea, only limited auditory information is obtained, and there are distortions or aberrations in the received sound. In order for deaf people to reach the level of language communication, patients should be encouraged to adhere to long-term rehabilitation training after surgery. For example, training in attention, recognition and discrimination of environmental sounds, words, sentences, etc. and auditory comprehension. In addition to insisting on completing the auditory training course, at the time of discharge, family members should be instructed to urge patients to use the cochlear implant device for self-training as much as possible in their daily lives, such as listening to the radio and watching TV. We expect them to return to the mainstream society soon and live the same life as normal people.