In the outpatient clinic often contact with children with hearing impairment, there are the first diagnosis, there are also with the question of re-examination, the initial diagnosis of the person is difficult to accept the performance of the majority of re-examination of most of the people with “can be cured or misdiagnosed” hope to go to all the big and small hospitals, which is often delayed in the best period of the child’s hearing recovery. I once met a parent whose child was diagnosed with severe neurological deafness at the age of 2. The parent insisted that the child could be cured and found an unknown hospital through advertisements for more than 1 year, but the hearing improvement was very little, which not only cost money but also delayed the child’s hearing rehabilitation. When the baby has completed all the audiological examinations, the doctor comprehensively analyzes the results and tells you that your baby has a hearing impairment, most of the parents are difficult to accept, or think that the diagnosis is incorrect, or angry, or sad, or confused, etc., which is a very normal reaction. However, I urge the mother and father of the baby that if you have doubts about the diagnosis, you must find a doctor who is more proficient in pediatric audiology to interpret the results of the examination. Numerous reports have shown that when a baby has a relatively mild hearing loss or a monaural hearing loss, it can be difficult to detect by subjective observation. It is not advisable for parents to assume that their child’s hearing is fine and not take their child for regular check-ups, or not to implement any interventions for their child even if hearing loss is identified. There are two diagnostic hearing test results, most of which can determine whether a baby has a hearing impairment. If the diagnosis of hearing loss is confirmed, first of all, the baby’s parents and family members need to calm down and accept the fact of “hearing loss”, and then consider what should be done, instead of running around to take the child to different hospitals to conduct repeated hearing examinations, some parents spend a year to check and observe, which is not only delayed the child, but also a waste of money. Waste of money. Secondly, after learning that your baby has a hearing impairment, parents and family members need to learn about audiology. You need to know the degree of hearing loss (mild, moderate, severe and profound), the nature of the hearing loss (conductive, sensorineural and mixed) and the location of the hearing loss (outer, middle and inner ear and auditory nerve); and finally, you need to know about the treatment, intervention and management of hearing impairment. Understand the treatment, intervention and rehabilitation methods for hearing impairment. Only when the baby’s mom, dad and family can accept the facts can the foundation for early intervention and rehabilitation be laid. The treatment and intervention for hearing impairment are no more than medication, surgery, hearing aids and cochlear implants, which are mainly used to improve the baby’s hearing and get sound amplification. Which method is more appropriate and what exactly to do needs to be chosen based on the degree and nature of the hearing loss. For those with conductive hearing loss, which is characterized by middle ear effusion, first observe until the second examination (within 6 months after birth), and if it is determined that the effusion is not well absorbed or eliminated, then medication can be considered to promote the absorption or elimination of the effusion, and continue to observe. During the observation period, it should be avoided not to let the baby catch a cold and avoid the baby choking on the milk. Generally, the fluid in the middle ear can be absorbed or eliminated when the baby is around 1 year old. Conductive hearing loss, belonging to the outer middle ear malformation (atresia of the external auditory canal, middle ear auditory microtia), if it is a single ear, need to review the hearing every year, to ensure that the healthy ear hearing is normal, usually does not affect the child to learn to speak, to the age of 10 years old, you can choose to reconstruct the outer middle ear surgery, in order to improve the child’s hearing. In case of bilateral atresia, it is recommended to wear bone conduction hearing aids within 6 months to help the baby to improve hearing and learn to speak, and the age of surgery is usually more appropriate after 5-6 years old. For sensorineural hearing loss, which is severe or very severe, it is recommended to start wearing hearing aids at the age of 4 months to develop their auditory awareness and perception. After about 1.5-2 months of training and pediatric behavioral hearing test, hearing aid commissioning will be conducted, and after commissioning, the rehabilitation training of hearing and speech will be continued. Diagnosed with moderate hearing loss, need to start wearing hearing aids at 6 months, after 1-1.5 months of training, after pediatric behavioral audiometry for hearing aid commissioning, after commissioning continue to receive training. Mild hearing loss, follow up until about 8 months, when permanent hearing loss is determined, hearing aids are recommended. Mixed hearing loss, severe or very severe combined with middle ear effusion, it is recommended to wear hearing aids within 6 months, and active treatment of middle ear effusion, regular hearing rechecks, debugging hearing aids. For those with moderate hearing loss combined with middle ear effusion, if the middle ear effusion is absorbed and permanent hearing loss is determined, hearing aids are recommended within 1 year of age. For those with mixed hearing loss combined with outer middle ear deformity, hearing aids are recommended to be worn within 6 months, with reconstructive surgery of the outer middle ear performed on an elective basis. For babies wearing hearing aids, it is generally recommended to review the hearing at least every 3 months. For children with severe or profound deaf sensorineural hearing loss who do not respond well to rehabilitation, cochlear implant surgery is recommended at around 1 year of age, with continued auditory-verbal rehabilitation after surgery. For children with mild hearing loss, it is recommended that parents use speech amplification during follow-up visits to try their best to enable the child to hear speech, which can also provide some sound amplification. Children who belong to the diagnosed vestibular aqueduct enlargement syndrome should seek prompt medical attention when hearing loss is detected, and in some cases, medication can be used to help improve their hearing.